688 



FAMILIES OF ANGIOSPERMS. 



The pistil. Describe the form of the pistil and the relation of the stamens 

 and pistils. 



The closed (cleistogamous) flowers. These are on shorter, curved ; 

 scapes which hold them beneath the soil or debris. Compare them with 

 the blue flowers. What parts of the flower are absent? 



The fruit. Make a cross-section of the fruit and determine how many 



Fig. 575- 



Viola cucullata ; blue flowers above, cleistogamous flowers smaller and curved below. 

 Section of pistil at right. 



carpels are represented in the pistil. Note the numerous seeds and their 

 attachment. 



Pollination of violets. If a sweet-violet flower or the flowers of the 

 pansy are convenient, study the stamens and pistil of the open flowers. 

 Remove the corolla, and note the position of the anthers with reference to 

 the pistil. Note the peculiar enlarged stigma with an opening in front, 



