72 VIOLET FAMILY. 



= = = Rootstock long and slender, extensively creeping ; spur almost as 



long as the beardless petals. 



V. Selklikii, Pursh. Sklkirk's V. Small, only 2' high, the rounded, 

 heart-shaped leaves spreading flat on the ground ; the flower large in pro- 

 portion ; on shady banks, only N. 



*+ ++ Flowers (small) white, the lower petal purplish-veined. 



V. bl^da, Willd. Sweet White V. Very common, with faintly 

 sweet-scentfd flowers ; petals mostly beardless ; leaves rounded heart- 

 shaped or kidney-shaped. 



V. primul3ef6lia, Linn. Primrose-leaved V. Between the last and 

 next, has oblong or ovate leaves, abrupt or cordate at base ; petals spar- 

 ingly bearded. Toward the coast. 



V. lanceolata, Linn. Lance-leaved V. Leaves lanceolate, tapering 

 into long petioles ; petals beardless. Commonest E. and S. 



^ ^ ^ Floivers yelloxo ; lateral petals laith broion veins. 



V. rotundif6lia, Michx. Round-leaved V. Leaves roundish, heart- 

 shaped, flat on the ground, becoming large and shining in summer ; spreads 

 by runners ; flowers small. In cold woods N., and S. in Alleghanies. 



♦ * Leafy-stemmed Violets, xoild, perennial ; floioering in spring and 



summer ; stipules not leaf-like. 



-1- Stipules entire ; spur vei~y short. 

 *+ Stems 2-A-leaved above, naked below ; flowers yellow, short- spurred. 



V. pub^scens, Ait. Downy Yellow V. Soft-downy, also a rather 

 smooth variety ; leaves broadly heart-shaped ; stipules large. Woods, 

 common. 



V. hastata, Michx. Halberd-leaved V. Smoother ; leaves halberd- 

 shaped or oblong-heart^shaped ; stipules small. Scarce VV. and S. 



-w- ++ Stems more leafy ; floioers lohite and violet. 



V. Canadensis, Linn. Canada V. Common in rich woods N. and 

 W. ; l°-2° high, large-leaved ; flowers all su'nmer ; the petals white or 

 purplish above, the upper ones violet-purple underneath ; spur very short 

 and blunt. 



-1- -t- Stipules fringe-toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical ; flowers white 



or violet. 



v. striata, Ait. PaleV. Low ; flowers creamy- white, with lower petal 

 purple-lined ; spur short ; stipules large in proportion. Not rare N. and W. 



V. rostrata, Pursh. Long-spurred V. 6' high, and slender spur 

 longer than the pale violet, beardless petals. Fields N. and W. 



V. canina. Linn. Dog V., the Amer. variety (var. Muhlenbergii, 

 Gray). Low, with creeping branches or short runners ; spur cylindric, 

 half the length of the violet flower ; lateral petals slightly bearded ; com- 

 mon in low grounds. 



* * * Pansy Violets, /rom Europe, with leafy and branching stems and 



large, leaf-like stipules ; flowering through the spring and summer. 



V. tricolor, Linn. Pansy or Heart's-ease. Cult, or running wild in 

 gardens, low, with roundish leaves or the upper oval and lowest heart- 

 shaped ; stipules lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals of various colors, and often 

 variegated, and under cultivation often very large and showy, the spur 

 short and blunt. Var. arvensis, is a field variety, slender and small- 

 flowereil, thoroughly naturalized in some places, (j) @ ^ 



V. cornuta, Linn. Horned V. Sometimes cult, in borders ; has stipules 

 merely toothed, and liffht violet-purple flowers with a very long and 

 slender .spur. 2/ Pyrenees. 



