ROSE FAMILY. 161 



21. AMELANCHIER, JUNEBERRY, SERVICE BERRY. (Pop- 

 ular uaine of tlie Europeau species in Savoy.) Flowering in spring, 

 and producing the berry-like purplish fruit (edible, sweet, sometimes 

 very pleasant-flavored) in summer. 



A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. Shad Bush of New England, is a tree 

 10"-30° high, glabrous or very nearly so ; the leaves ovate and pointed, 

 light green above, very sharply serrate, Birch-like ; flowers large, in open 

 and loose, more or less drooping racemes, before the leaves ; the calyx 

 lobes lanceolate ; fruit a purple, berry-like pome in June and July, mucli 

 relished by birds. The flowers appear in profusion in advance of the 

 leaves. 



Var. oblongif6lia, Torr. & Gray (or A. obloxgif6lia, Roemer). Is a 

 low plant (2°-5° high), with oblong, mostly blunt leaves, which are 

 floccose or woolly below, and nearly erect, woolly, panicle-like racemes, 

 appearing with the leaves ; growing in the N. States and known in culti- 

 vation as the DwAKF Juneberry. 



22. PYRUS, PEAR, APPLE, etc. (Classical name of the Pear tree.) 

 Botanically the genus is made to include a great variety of plants, 

 agreeing in the cartilaginous, parchment-like, or thin-walled cells that 

 contain the seeds. Wood hard and tough. Flowers spring. 



§ L Pear. Leaves simple ; floxaers in a simple corymb or cluster ; fruit 

 generally with its base tapering down to the stalk. 



P. communis, Linn. Common Pear. Cult, from Eu. ; a smooth tree, 

 with branches inclined to be thorny ; ovate leaves with small, obtuse teeth, 

 and pure white flowers, the anthers purple. 



P. Sinensis, Lindl. Japan or Sand Pear. Cult, from China and 

 Japan, is a stronger grower than the last, with larger dark leaves which 

 are very sharply toothed, and tcugh, gritty fruits which are often 

 depressed about the stem, and Apple-like. Kikffer, Le Conte, and 

 others, are hybrids with the last. 



§ 2. Apple. Leaves simple; flowers showy, in a simple cluster or sim- 

 ple umbel; fruit simken {umbilirate) at both ends, especially at the 

 base. 



* Exotic ; leaves simply and evenly serrate, ovate or oblong. 



P. Malus, Linn. Common Apple. Cult, from Eu. ; tree with buds, 

 lower face of the leaves (when young) and calyx woolly ; flowers white 

 and tinged with pink, on short, woolly peduncles ; fruit various, but always 

 holding the calyx lobes upon its apex. 



P. spectdbilis. Ait. Chinese Flowering Apple. Cult, from China 

 for its showy rose-colored, semi-double or double flowers ; is an upright 

 tree with gray branches 20° to 25° high, and hard leaves which soon 

 become nearly smooth, and are evenly and sharply toothed ; fruit small, 

 with persistent calyx. 



P. baccdla, Linn. Crab Apple. From Eu. Small tree with hard, 

 wiry, smooth shoots, long and smooth petioles and pedicels, narrower 

 smooth leaves, and a small, hard, translucent fruit from which the calyx 

 falls before maturity. Transcesdest, Hyslop, and various other im- 

 proved Crabs are probably hyVirids with P. Malus. 



P. floribunda, Lindl. Japanese Flowering Crab. A bush or small 

 tree, perhaps an offshoot from the last ; smooth in all its paits, with long- 

 acuminate, mostly sharply toothed leaves ; handsome, flesh-colored or 

 rosy flowers and red flower buds, and a profusion of long-stemmed fruits 

 the size of a pea, from which the calyx falls. Semi-double forms are 

 known in gardens as P. HalliXna and P. ParkmAni. 



gray's K. F. & G. BOT. 11 



