COMPOSITE FAMILY. 223 



II il Chaffy receptacle; scales of the involucre dry and very stiff, in many series, often 



colored. 



83. XERANTHEMUM. Heads large and solitaiy, long-peduncleil. Involucre cainpanu- 



late or cylindrical, the scales spreading, the outer ones shorter. Akene slender, 



with a minute crown. Hoary. 

 II li 8 Chaffy receptacle; scales of the involucre green, few, and rounded. 

 31. IVA. Heads small and few-several-flowered, the outer 1-4 pistillate and fertile, with 



a small tubular corolla or 0, the others staminate with a funnel-form, 5-toothed coroUa. 



Anthers nearly separate. Akenes ovoid or lenticular. Pappus 0. 



= = Pappus none at all to the outer pistillate and fertile flowers, but of some slender 

 bristles in the central and perfect, yet seldom fruit-bearing flowers ; scales of 

 the involucre woolly. 



20. FILAGO. Heads small, crowded in close clusters, of many inconspicuous flowers, each 



fertile pistillate flower in the axil of a thin and dry chaffy scale, and with a very 

 slender, thread-like corolla ; the central flowers with a more expanded 4-5-toothed 

 corolla. Low herbs, clothed with cottony wool ; leaves entire. 



= = ^ Pappus of all the flowers composed of bristles (but caducous in Orindelia) ; no 



chaff avion g the flowers. 



I Cottony -u-hite herbs. 



21. GyAPHALIUM. Small heads (often clustered) of many whitish flowers, surrounded 



by an involucre of many ranks of dry and white or otherwise colored (not green) 

 scarious and persistent scales woolly at base ; the flowers all fertile, the outer ones 

 with pistil and very slender corolla, the central ones perfect and with more expanded 

 5-toothecl corolla. Pappus a row of very slender and roughish bristles. 



(22) ANTENNARIA. Like Qnaphaliura, but the plants dioecious. Staminate flowers with 



a simple style, but the ovary sterile, and their pappus of stouter bristles which are 

 thickened at the summit, and there more or less barbed or plumed ; pappus of fer- 

 tile flowers united and falling together. 

 23. ANAPHALIS. Heads dioecious or nearly so. Pappus not thickened or united. Fer- 

 tile heads usually bearing a few perfect but sterile flowers In the center. Otherwise 

 like Antennaria. I i Not cottony. 



(9) GBINDELIA, which is sometimes rayless, may be sought here (p. 226). 



25. HELICHRYSUM. Heads rather large, terminating the branches singly, the pistillate 



flowers few and often in a single marginal row. Involucre dry and chafl'-llke, not 



cottony, the scales stiff and spreading, often colored. 

 19. PLUCHEA. Heads many-flowered, the central flowers perfect but sterile, these few, 



wth a 5-cleft corolla ; all other flowers pistillate and fertile, with a thread-shaped trun 



cate corolla. Involucre imbricated. Anthers with tails. Akenes grooved. Pappus 



in a single row. Strong-scented herbs, near the coast. 

 61. ERECHTITES. Heads of many whitish flowers, with a cyUndrical Involucre of many 



narrow and naked scales in a single row ; outer flowers with very slender corolla : 



Inner with more open tubular corolla. Akenes narrow ; pappus of copious, very fine 



and soil, naked, white hairs. Rank coarse herb. 

 ERIGERON. One species has such short and inconspicuous rays that It may be 



looked for here (p. 225). 



++ ++ Only one kind of flowers in the head. 



- Scales of the involucre dry and papery or scarious, often colored {i.e., not green], 

 not withering, in many ranks ; many flowers in the head. 



I Plant dioecious : head containing only staminate or pistillate floxoers. 



22. ANTENNARIA. Pistillate flowers with very slender corollas and a pappus of long and 



very fine, hair-like, naked bristles ; the staminate (with a simple imperfect style), 

 with the pappus of thicker bristles enlarging and somewhat plumed or barbed at theli 

 8ttmir.it. Leaves and stems cottony. 



(23) ANAPHALIS. See above. 



