244 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



A. artemisiaef6lia, Linn. Koman Wormwood, Hogweed, Ragweed, 

 or HiTTKRWEKi). Wastc places and roadsides ; l°-3° high, hairy or rough- 

 ish ; twice pinnatifid leaves, either opposite or alternate, pale or hoary be 

 neath ; staniinate heads in panicled racemes or spikes, the small, roundish 

 fruit with about 6 little teeth or spines. 



33. XANTHIUM. COCKLEBUR, CLOTBUR. (Greek : yellow, the 



plants .said to yield that color.) Coarse and vile weeds, with stout and 



low branching stems, alternate and petioled, merely toothed or lobed 



leaves, and obscure greenish flowers, produced all summer. 



(■Q 222 "> 



^^' '' * Triple spines in the axils of the leaves. 



X. spindsum, Linn. Stems slender and hoary, l°-2° ; leaves nar- 

 rowed at both ends, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes lobed or cut; fruit invo- 

 lucre I' long, with 1 beak. Waste places, E. Tropics. 



* * Xo spines in the axils. 



X. strumdrium, Linn. Leaves cordate or o~ate, dentate, often lobed ; 



fruit involucre ^'-'i' long, glabrous or puberulent, with nearly straight 

 beaks and slender spines. Plant l°-2°. Waste places. Old World. 



X. Canad^nse, Mill. Stouter ; fruit 1' long, densely prickly and 

 hispid, the bealcs usually liooked or strongly curved. Waste places. 



34. ZINNIA. (J. G. Zinn, a German botanist.) Commonly culti- 

 vated for ornament, (p. 227.) 



Z. efegans, Jacq. Garden Zinnia. Leaves ovate, heart-shaped, half- 

 clasping ; heads very large, rose-colored, purple, violet, red, or white, 

 2'-3' in diameter, also full-double like a small Dahlia ; chaff of receptacle 

 crested-toothed at tip ; akenes barely 2-toothed at summit. Mexico. 

 Cult, in many forms and under many names. 



Z. pauciflora, Linn, (or Z. multifloka). Less common in gardens, being 

 less showy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; peduncle hollow, much enlarged 

 under the head ; rays obovate, red-purple ; chaff blunt, entire ; akenes 

 1-awned. Mexico. 



Z. angustifd/ia, HHK. (Cult, as Z. AtiREA), from Mexico; is widely 

 and copiously branched, rough -hairy, with lanceolate leaves ; many small 

 heads ; oval orange-yellow rays, and conspicuously pointed chaff. 



35. HELIOPSIS, OXEYE. (Greek-made name, from the likeness 



to Sunflower.) y. (p. 228.) 



H. leevis, Pers. Resembles a Sunflower, but has pistillate rays and 

 4-sided akenes, sometimes without pappus ; 1*^-4° high, smooth ; leaves 

 ovate or lance-ovate, triple-ribbed, petioled, serrate ; head of golden- 

 yellow flowers (with linear rays) terminating the branches, in summer ; 

 pappus of 2-4 minute teeth, or 0. N. Y., W. and S. 



H. scabra, Dunal. Roughish, particularly the leaves, which are more 

 narrowly pointed, and the upper ones sometimes entire ; rays broader ; 

 pappus of 2 or 3 conspicuous teeth. X. Y., W. and S. 



36. ECHINACEA, PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. (Greek ; hedgehog, 

 viz., receptacle with prickly pointed chaff.) 21 (P- 228.) 



E. purptirea, Moench. Stems (usually smooth') l°-2° high, from a 

 thick and black, pungent-tasted root (called Black Samson by quack- 

 doctors), bearing ovate or lanceolate, 5-nerved and veiny leaves, the lower 

 iong-petioled, and termmated by a large head; rays 15-20, dull rose- 

 purple. Penn., W and S. 



