COMPOSITE FAMILY. 251 



52. CHRYSANTHEMUM, including i^EUCANTHEMUM and PYRE- 

 THRUM. (Golden flower in Greek; but they are of various colors.) 

 All natives of Old World, (p. 226.) 



* Akenes of disk and ray flmoers similar, angled or striate, hut not 

 winged. — Pyp.ethrums. % 



-1- Leaves pinnatisect or compound. 



C. coccineum, Willd. (PYRiiTHRUM r6seu.m of gardens). A handsome 

 plant from Persia, cult, in many varieties, the terminal solitary large 

 flowers in various colors, but chiefly in shades of red, and often double 

 (i.e., disk flowers radiate); leaves finely pinnatisect, the lobes linear. 

 Plant l°-3°, smooth, the lower leaves petioled, the upper sessile. This 

 (with C. cinerarkef6lium, Vis., which has stem and lower surface of 

 broader-lobed leaves canescent) is a source of commercial Pyrethrum 

 or Persian insect powder. 



C. Parthenium, Bernh. Feverfew. Smooth, with branching, leafy, 

 striate or grooved stems l°-3^; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, 

 twice pinnately divided into coarse ovate cut divisions ; flowers ^' across, 

 whitish, in corymbs, the peduncles leafy or bracted, the rays twice larger 

 than the involucre ; short pappus dentate. Common in old gardens, and 

 escaped. Eu. 



C.prced/tum, Vent. (PYRixHRCM PARTHENiF6LinM of gardens). Golden 

 Feather. Pubescent, or becoming nearly smooth, the stems terete ; 

 leaves very much cut, the segments oblong ; peduncles naked ; rays 

 thrice longer than the involucre ; short pappus entire. A yellow-leaved 

 form is used for carpet-bedding. Asia. 



t- -t- Leaves toothed or sometimes jagged, brit not pinnatisect. 



C. Leucdnthemum, Linn. Oxeye Daisy, Whiteweed. Stem nearly 

 simple and erect, smooth, l°-2° ; leaves oblong-spatulate, shai-ply pinna- 

 tifid-toothed. those on the stem sessile and passing into bracts or wanting 

 near the top ; heads large and white, solitary and terminal. An abun- 

 dant weed E. Eu. 



C. uliginbsum, Pers. Tall and strong, 2°-4°, very finely pubescent ; 

 leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends, sessile, very sharply toothed ; 

 large (2'-.3' across) white flowers in a terminal corymb. Cult. E. Eu. 



C. Ba/sdmita, Linn., var. tanaceto)des, Boiss. Costmary, Mint Gera- 

 nium, Lavender (erroneously). Tall grayish-canescent (at least above) 

 plant with sweet-scented herbage ; leaves oblong, obtuse, long-petioled, 

 obtusely serrate ; heads small and yellowish in the common rayless form 

 (rays white when they appear, when the plant is known as C. BalsAmita), 

 in a terminal cluster. Asia. 



» ♦ Akenes of disk and ray flowers tinlike, those of the rays winged. 

 t- Leaves twice-pinnatifid or pinnatisect. 



C. frutSscens, Linn. Marguerite, Paris Daisy. Bushy and erect, 

 woody at the base, generally smooth, slightly glaucous ; leaf segments 

 linear, or the uppermost leaves reduced to trifid bracts ; flowers white 

 (rarely yellowish), large (2'-3' across), with spreading daisy-like rays, 

 a'.i on long naked peduncles. Common in conservatories. Canaries. 11 



C. coronarium, Linn. Summer Chrysanthemum, with yellow or some- 

 times whitish flowers, cult, from Mediterranean region ; smooth, with 

 diffuse stems ; leaves with auricled and clasping base, and lanceolate or 

 linear cut-toothed divisions ; the involucre of broad and .scaiious scales. (T^ 



••- -1- Leaves lobed. hut not pinnatifld. — Garden Chrysanthemums. 11 



C. Sinense, Sabine. Canescent above, 2°-4° ; the leaves ovate and 

 long jetioled, sinuate-cut and lobed, firm in texture, somewhat glaucous ■ 



