396 OAK FAMILY. 



long, one or a few in a cluster, which is nearly sessile in the axils in var. 

 SESSiLiKLuRA, raised on a slender iiediuicie in var. i-kduncmhAta. Various 

 forms are cult, for ornament, especially yellow-leaved and cut-leaved 

 varieties. Eu. . , ,...,, 



t- t- Leaves pale or whitish beneath. 



Q. ilba, Linn. White Oak. Rich soil, Me. to Minn., and S.; large 

 tree with whitish bark ; leaves soon smooth, bright green above, whitish 

 beneath, with 3-9 oblong or linear obtuse and mostly entire oblique lobes ; 

 the shallow rough cup very much shorter than the ovoid-oblong (about 

 1' long) acorn; .seed edible. 



Q. stelldta, Wang. Post, Rough, Box Whitk or Ikon Oak. Small 

 tree in barren soil, commonest S., with very durable wood ; thickish leaves 

 grayish-downy beneath, pale and rough above, sinuately 5-7-lobed, the 

 lobes divergent and rounded, the upper pair larger and sometimes 1-3- 

 notched ; naked cup deep saucer-shaped, half or one third the length of 

 the small acorn. 



Q. macrocdrpa, Michx. Blk Oak, Over-cup or Mossy-cup Oak. 

 Middle-sized tree in fertile soil, commonest W., but occurs in N. Eng. ; 

 with obovate or oblong lyrately pinnatifid leaves of various shape, pale 

 or downy beneath, smooth above ; cup deep, thick and woody, from 

 hardly 1' to 2' in diameter, covered with hard and thick pointed scales, 

 the upper ones tapering into bristly points, making a mossy-fringed 

 border ; acorn I'-l^' long, half or wholly covered by the cup. 



Q. lyrdta, Walt. Southern Over-cup Oak. Large tree in river 

 swamps, from N. Car., S. and W.; leaves crowded at the end of the 

 branchlets, obovate-oblong, with 7-9 triangular and entire acute lobes, 

 glossy above, whitish-downy beneath ; cup sessile, globular, rough with 

 rugged scales, almost covering the globular nut. 



* * Chestnut Oaks, with toothed or sinuate leaves, not lobed except 

 slightly in the first species, white or whitish-downy beneath; cup hoary, 

 about half the length of the oblong-ovoid edible acorn. 



f- Tall forest trees. 



Q. blcolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak. Handsome tree, with leaves 

 intermediate between the White and the Chestnut Oaks, being more or 

 less obovate and sinuate- toothed, or some of them nearly pinnatitid, hoary 

 with soft down beneath, wedge-shaped at base, the main veins only 6-b 

 pairs and not prominent ; peduncle in fruit longer than the petiole ; cup 

 often mossy -fringed at the margin; acorn hardly 1' long. Streams, 

 banks, and swamps, Me. to Minn., and S. 



Q. Michatizii, Nutt. Basket or Cow Oak. Leaves oval or obovate, 

 acute, blunt or even cordate at the base, dentate, rigid, very tomentose 

 beneath ; fruit short-peduncled, the cup shallow and without fringe, but 

 covered with hard and stout acute scales ; acorns li' long. Large tree, 

 growing in swamps and along streams from Del. and'S. Ind., S. 



Q. Prinus, Linn. Chestnut Oak. Large, rough-barked tree, on banks 

 and hillsides, from Mass. and N. Y., S. ; leaves variable, thick, obovate, 

 oblong or even nearly lanceolate, base acute or obtuse, undulately crenate- 

 toothed, pale and minutely downy beneath ; fruiting peduncles shorter 

 than the leaf stalks ; cup thick, generally tuberculate ; acorn I'-l j' long. 



Q. Muhlenb^rgii, Engelm. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak. Leaves 

 much like those of the Chestnut, 5'-?' long, slender-stalked, oblong or 

 lanceolate, acute, obtuse at the base, nearly equally and rather sharply 

 toothed ; cup nearly sessile, shallow and thin, with small appressed scales ; 

 acorn small, ^'-|' long. Rich lands, Mass. to Minn., and S. 



t- -t- Bush, rarely tree-like at the West. 



Q. prinoides, Willd. Dwarf Chestnut Oak, or Chinquapin Oak, 

 Barren or sandy soil, ranging with the last ; shrub 2°-4° high, with obo- 



