502 adder's tongue fern family. 



in 4 or more rows, less than 1' long, the 2-valved kidney-shaped 

 spore cases all of one kind^ containing only minute numberless 

 spores. 



I. LYCOPODIUM, CLUB MOSS. (Name from the Greek, meaning 

 wolfs-foot, possibly from tlie short hairy branches of L. clavatum.) 



§ 1. Fructification not in a distinct spike. Leaves all alike, dark green, 



rigid, in about 8 rows. 



li. luclduliim, Michx. Stems 4'-8' long, tufted, ascending, forking ; 

 leaves spreading or reflexed, sharp-pointed, irregularly serrulate, dark 

 green and shining. Cold woods N. 



§ 2. Fructification spiked at the top of an erect branch ; fertile leaves and 

 those of the creeping stems nearly alike, soft, narrowly linear, many- 

 rowed. 



L. iniinditum, Linn. Dwarf, the sterile stems creeping and forking, 

 the fertile solitary and l'-4' high, with a short, thick spike ; leaves lance- 

 olate or awl-like and acute, mostly entire, soft. Bogs N.; uncommon. 



L. alopecuroides, Linn. Pine barren swamps, N. J., and 8.; scarcely 

 evergreen ; stem and sparingly forked sterile branches creeping, fertile 

 ones 6'-18' high, all rather stout and thickly clothed with spreading, soft, 

 linear-awl-shaped. bristly-ciliate leaves, those of the spike with long 

 slender tips. 



§ S. Fructification spiked; the fruiting leaves yellowish, scale-like, shorter 

 and broader than those of the sterile branches. 



* Spike sessile at the top of an ordinary branch. 



L. anndtinum, Linn. Cold woods N.; stem creeping, l°-4° long; 

 branches 4'-9'' high, nearly erect, once or twice forked ; leaves about 

 5-rowed, spreading or reflexed, rigid, lanceolate, acute, nearly entire; 

 those of the solitary spikes ovate, with spreading points and ragged scari- 

 ous margins. 



L. obsctmim, Linn. Ground Pine. Moist woods, common N. ; root- 

 stock creeping underground, nearly leafless ; stems looking much like a 

 miniature hemlock, 9'-12' high ; the many spreading branches with shin- 

 ing, lanceolate, entire leaves in about 6 rows ; leaves of the lower and 

 often of the upper row smaller than the rest ; spikes single, or 4-10 on a 

 plant ; scales ovate pointed, margin slightly scarious, nearly entire. 



* * Spikes raised above the ordinary branches on a slender stalk which 

 has only a few inconspicuoits leaves. 



t- Stems creeping, very short; spikes always single. 



L. Carolinianum, Linn. Wet pine barrens, N. J., S. ; scarcely ever- 

 green ; stem and prostrate branches rooting underneath ; leaves soft, 

 lanceolate, entire, spreading horizontally, with an upper appressed row ; 

 spikes slender on stalks 4'-6' high ; allied in habit to L. alopecuroides. 



■t- -r- Stems extensively creeping ; spikes often in pairs or fours. 



L. clavittun, Linn. Clcb Moss. Common N. in dry woods ; run- 

 ning stem long and leafy ; branches mostly erect, cordlike, irregularly 

 pinnate ; branchlets 4-10, thickly covered with linear-awl-shaped, entire, 

 commonly bristle -tipped leaves ; spikes mostly in pairs. Much used for 

 Christmas decorations. 



L. complan^tum, Linn. Dry sandy woods, commonest among ever- 

 greens ; running stems with scattered, awl-shaped, very small leaves ; 

 branches erect, several times branched ; the parts repeatedly forked into 

 many horizontally spreading flattened branchlets. 



