442 MAMMALIA. 



under part of the parietal bones ; and also a variety of convolu- 

 tions in the anterior lobe, which do not present themselves in 

 the brains of the inferior animals. In the human species, these 

 parts are connected v.dth certain moral feelings and intellectual 

 faculties, which are denied to the brutes ; such as the sentiment 

 of .justice, veneration, the love of perfection ; the faculties of 

 inventing and using artificial language, of wit, of tracing the 

 relation of cause and effect, of calculation, and others. Man is 

 distinguished from the lower animals also by difference of pro- 

 portion between certain parts of the brain common to both : in 

 man, for example, the anterior lobe connected with intellect, is 

 greatly larger in proportion to the posterior lobe, connected with 

 the lower propensities, than in brutes -. these faculties confer on 

 man his proper human character — they constitute him a rational, 

 moral, and religious being. 



Man, under all his varied modifications, is but of one species 

 Cuvier has reduced these changes to three distinct varieties, 

 which, he considers, preserve uniformity of character, namely, 

 the white, or Caucasian ; the yellow, or Mongolian ; and the 

 Negro, or Ethiofian. These, however, we consider too 

 limited, and agree with Blumenbach, that they may be divided 

 into five races or varieties -. viz. the Caucasian, Mongolian, 

 Ethiopian, American, and Malayan. 



General Remarks. — In addition to the distinctions of Blu- 

 menbach, we shall give the phrenological characters, that a clearer 

 notion may be got of the varied modifications of the skull in man. 

 These we have taken, together with the drawings of the different 

 crania in plate III. from the valuable collection of the Phrenolo- 

 gical Society. They were drawn through a lotted scale, from 

 ordinary specimens, and exhibit on the plate their relative pro- 

 portions. 



According to Phrenologists, the organs which manifest the 

 propensities common to man with the lower animals, lie in the 

 base, on the sides, and at the back portions of the brain ; those 

 which manifest the moral sentiments, occupy the coronal or 

 upper horizontal region ; and those which manifest the intellec- 

 tual faculties, constitute the anterior lobe. The temperament 

 means the quality of the brain. The skull indicates this by its 

 texture. A low temperament is indicated by a coarse open grain 

 fn the core, and a high temperament by a fine close texture. 



