♦oe, covered with strong hoofs ; tail with long hair, or in some 

 species with a tuft at its extremity ; two inguinal teats ; stomach 

 simple and membranaceous ; intestines and ctecum very large. 



Equus Caballus — The Horse. — Plate XIX fig. 1 and '^. 

 — Described, vol. I. p. 466. 



M«/ms,— The Mule.— Plate XIX. fig. 3.— Described, 

 vol. I. p. 507. 



Equus asinus — The Ass. — Plate XIX. fig. 4 Described, 



vol. I. p. 499. 



Equus zebra. — The Mountain Zebra — Plate XX. fig. 

 1. — Described, vol. II. p. 509. 



ORDER IX.— RUMINANTIA. 



Having three kinds of teeth ; destitute of incisory teeth in tlie 

 upper jaw, with usually eight in the lower one, which are op- 

 posed to a callosity on the upper gums. In some species there 

 are canines in the upper jaw, and others have them in both jaws ; 

 grinders, twelve in each jaw, marked with two double crescents 

 of enamel on their crowns, of which the convexity is outwards 

 in the lower, and internal in the upper jaw ; articulations of the 

 jaw, adapted for a triturating motion ; without clavicles ; limbs 

 disposed for walking ; feet with two hoofed toes ; metacarpal 

 and metatarsal bones united ; organs of digestion calculated for 

 ruminating, consisting of four stomachs ; intestines long ; from 

 two to four inguinal mammae ; males always with horns, and 

 also the females in most species. 



The food of the Ruminantia consists always of vegetables. 

 They embrace a wide geographical range. 



The order is divided into five tribes. 



Tribe I. — Cameud^e, 



Without horns, or succentorial hoofs ; feet with horny soles ; 

 toes covered with nails ; canines in both sexes. 



Genus 1. — Camelus Linnaus. 



Generic Character. — Incisory teeth ^, canines j^l? f^lse grind- 

 ers }-j, true grinders*^; total 36. Inferior grinders in the 

 form of cutting wedges ; the superior ones lateral ; canines coni- 

 cal, strong, and erect • false grinders on each side of the jnter- 



