354! AVES. 



hiack ; iipprr mandible blackisli-brown ; lower mandible straw-yellow ; legs 

 ;ihd teet dusky-brown. Five inches long-. Inhabits Europe. 



Fringilla carduelis. — The Goldfinch. X'late xxxvi. fig. 2. Described, vol. 

 iii. p. 274. 



Ge/nis U.—VHYTOTOMA.—GmeHn. 



Generic Character. — Bill Btrong, conical, edffed, with the margins of the 

 mandibles serrated and equal ; nostrils basal, lateral, ovoid ; three toes be- 

 fore and one behind. 



Phytotoma rara. — The White Plant-Cutter. Plate xxxvii" iipr. I. Dusky- 

 gray above, pale-gray on the lower parts; quills and tail feathers spotted 

 with black ; tail rounded. Size of a Quail. Inhabits Chili. 



Genus 12.— HYREUS.— S^fpAeni- 



Generic Character.— BiW conical, thick, straight, somewhat serrated ; 

 nostrils ovate, basal ; feet with three toes, two before and one behind, which 

 is strong, with a hooked claw. 



Hyreus Abyssinicus. — The Abyssinian Hyreus. Plate xxxvii*. fig. 4. 

 Black above; head, throat, and jugulum, red; wing-coverts brown; with 

 white margins. Inhabits Abyssinia. 



Genus 13.— COhl AS.— Gmelin. 



Generic Character. — Bill short, thick, conical, somewhat compressed at 

 the point ; both mandibles convex, the upper covering the lower one ; nos- 

 trils basal, lateral, partly concealed by feathers ; tail very long and tapering ; 

 tarsus short ; the hallux reversible ; the anterior toes free ; wings short ; 

 the third quill longest. 



Colias Capensis. — The Capo Coly. Plate xxxvii**. fig. 2. Body and tail 

 ash-coloured above, cream-yellow beneath ; outer edges of the exterior 

 tail-feathers wliite ; legs dusky. Si.^ inches long. Inhabits the Cape of 

 Good Hope. 



ORDER v.— ZYGODACTYLOUS BIRDS. 



Bill varied in form, more or less curved, sometimes much hooked ; and in 

 other genera straight and angular ; feet always with two toes before and 

 two behind, the exterior hind toe frequently reversible. 



The toes behind in pairs is a striking characteristic of this order. It is 

 divided into two subdivisions. 



Sub. Division I — Bill more or less curved ; the exterior hiud toe reversi- 

 ble in some species. 



Genus 1.— MUSOPHAGA.— TemmmcA;. 



Generic Character. — Bill sliort, robust, broad ; ridge arcuated, notched at 

 the point ; tip of lower mandible angular ; nostrils basal, frequently hid by 

 fnathers ; legs strong ; tarsus same length as the intermediate toe ; the ex- 

 terior reversible ; lateral toes of equal length ; fourth and fifth quills longest. 

 Sixteen inches long. Inhabits Africa. 



ilusophaga Africana.—T\\v A{Tic-MiTo\nat:o. Plate xx.\ii*. fig 5. Clu- 



