TABLE OF CONTENTa 



CHAPTER I, 



INTBODVCTOBY. 



Living things and lifeless things. The contrast and the likeness hetweea 

 living matter and lifeless matter. The journey of lifeless matter 

 through living things. Analogy between a fountain, a flame or a 

 whirlpool, and a living organism. Living matter is lifeless matter in 

 a peculiar state or condition. Its characteristic properties. Biology, 

 its scope and its subdivisions. The Biological sciences. The relations 

 of -Biology to Zoology and Botany, Morphology and Physiology. 

 Definitions and inter-relations of the biological sciences. Psychol- 

 ogy, Sociology. Definition of General Biology. .,...<,,„..., 1 



CHAPTER n, 



THE STRUCTURE OF LiriNG THINGS. 



Their occurrence and their size Organisms composed of organs. Func- 

 tions. Organs composed of tissues. Differentiation. Tissues com- 

 posed of cells, DefinitionSo Unicellular organisms. Living organ- 

 isms contain lifeless matter. Lifeless matter occurs in living 

 tissues and cells. Examples, Lifeless matter increases relatively 

 with age. Summary statement of the structure of living things. 

 The organism as a whole — the Body — more important than any of its 

 parts <> o 9 



CHAPTER III. 



PROTOPLASM AND THE CELL, 



Protoplasm "the physical basis of life." Historical sketch. The com- 

 pound microscope and the discovery of cells in cork. The achromatic 

 objective. The cell-theory of Schlelden and Schwann, Virchow 

 and Max Schultze. Modern meaning of the term "cell/* The dis- 

 covery of protoplasm and sarcode and of their essential similarity. 



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