110 SPECIAL HISTOLOGY. 



reduce the mucous membrane of the animals in question 

 into its elements. 



Brunner's glands offer no difficulties except in their excretory 

 ducts, which may, however, be clearly seen in perpendicular 

 sections and in animals, by teasing out the mucous membrane. 

 The Lieberkuhnian glands, also, may generally be very readily 

 isolated in their entire length; while the closed follicles should 

 be carefully exposed from without, isolated and opened ; or 

 they may be studied in perpendicular sections. The muscular 

 tissue of the mucous membrane must be exposed by removing 

 the tunica nervea on its exterior and then separating it in 

 small segments from the glandular layer ; its elements may be 

 very well seen by macerating it in nitric acid of 20 per cent.] 



Literature of the intestinal canal. — Th. L. W. Bischoff, 

 ' Ueber den Bau der Magenschleimhaut/ Mull. Arch. 1838, p. 

 503, with figures ; Wasmann, ' De digestione nonnulla/ Berol., 

 1839, cum tab.; L. Bohm, 'De glandularum intestinalium 

 structura penitiori/ Berol., 1835, 8 c. tab. ; and ' Die kranke 

 Darmschleimhaut in der asiatischen Cholera/ Berl., 1838 ; 

 J. Henle, ' Symbolse ad anatomiam villorum intestinalium 

 impr. eorum epithelii et vasorum lacteorum/ c. tab. Berol., 

 1837, 4to. ; J. Flouch, ' Recherches sur la membrane muqueuse 

 intestinale, in Mem. de la societe d'histoire natur. de Stras- 

 bourg/ III, 3. Strasb., 1845; A. Th. Middeldorpf, ' De 

 glandulis Brunnianis/ Vratisl. 1846, c. tab. ; E. H. Weber, 

 in ' Miiller's Archiv/ 1847, p. 400; and in ' Berichte der 

 Koniglichen Sachsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften/ 

 Heft VII, 18 May, 1847, p. 245 ; Frerichs (and Frei), Article, 

 ' Verdauung, in Wagner's Handw. d. Physiologie/ Bd. Ill, p. 

 738 — 755 ; R. O. Ziegler, 'Ueber die solilaren und Peyer'schen 

 Follikel/ Wiirzburg, 1850, Diss.; E. Bnicke, 1. 'Ueber den 

 Bau und die physiologische Bedeutung der Peyer'schen Driisen, 

 in Denkschriften der Wiener Akademie/ bd. II, 1850, p. 21, 

 with 1 plate ; 2. ' Das Muskelsystem der Schleimhaut des 

 Magens / und 3. ' Ueber ein in der Darmschleimhaut aufgefun- 

 denes Muskelsystem/ in the 'Berichten der Akademie/ 1851; 

 Kolliker, ' Ueber das Vorkommen von glatten Muskelfasern in 

 Schleimhauten/ in ' Zeitschrift fiir wiss. Zoologie/ III. 1851, 

 p. 106, und Nachtrag dazu. Heft II.; F. Ernst, 'Ueber die 

 Anordnung der Blutgefasse in den Darmhauten/ Zurich, 1851, 

 Diss. c. tab. 



