214 SPECIAL HISTOLOGY. 



p. 303, 1846 J C. v. Patruban, 'Beitrage zur Anatomie der 

 menschlichen Niere/ in f Prag. Viertelj/ 1847, III.; G. 

 Johnson, Art. f Ren/ in 'Cyclop, of Anat./ May. 1848; 

 V. Carus, in ' Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool./ II, p. 61; v. Wittich, in 

 'Arch, fur path. Anat/ III, 1, 1849; v. Hessling, in 'Froriep's 

 N. Notiz./ 1849, p. 264, and ' Histologische Beitrage zur 

 Lehre von der Harn- secretion/ Jena, 1851. Besides which 

 should be consulted the usual Manuals of Anatomy, especially 

 those of Henle, Valentin, J. Muller, and myself; the 

 ' Memoirs on Development/ particularly of Valentin, Rathke, 

 'Abhand zur Entw.' II, p. 97; J. Muller, f De Gland, sec. 

 structura / and lastly, the ' Annual Reports of Reichert/ 1846 

 and 1849. 



OF THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS. 

 § 192. 



The suprarenal glands or capsules, (glandules suprarenales, 

 are a pair of organs, in their structure approaching nearest to 

 the blood-vascular glands, but whose function is as yet alto- 

 gether unknown. Each consists of a moderately firm but thin 

 coat composed of connective tissue, which closely invests the 

 entire organ and is connected by numerous processes with the 

 proper parenchyma, composed of a cortical and a medullary 

 substance. The former, substantia corticalis, is more compact, 

 l — |'" thick, tearing readily in the direction of its thickness, 

 and, when torn, presenting a fibrous aspect. Its colour is for 

 the most part whitish-yellow or yellow, in the innermost third, 

 however, usually passing into brownish-yellow or brown, so 

 that in a transverse section, two layers may be distinguished, 

 an external, bright- coloured layer and an internal narrow, 

 dark border. The medullary substance is, normally, of a brighter 

 colour than the cortical, being of a greyish-white with a tinge 

 of red, although when its numerous veins are full of blood, 

 it may assume a darker and more venous hue. Its con- 

 sistence is softer than that of the cortical substance, though 

 not so much so as is usually believed, and with respect to its 

 thickness, it is very inconsiderable Q* — |'") at the thin borders 

 and at the upper and outer extremity of the organ, whilst in 



