THE NOSE. 415 



case of the ganglion-cells in that situation, the only means of 

 attaining our object consists in a careful breaking down of the 

 osseous zone in a neutral medium.] 



Literature. — E. Huschke, in ' Fror. Not./ 1832, No. 707; 

 'Iris/ 1833, No. 18, 34; K. Steifensand, ' Untersuchungen 

 iiber die Ampullen des Gehororgans/ in Miiller's 'Archiv/ 

 1835; S. Pappenheim, ' Die specielle Gewebelehre des Gehor- 

 organs/ Breslau, 1840, and Froriep's ' Not./ 1838, Nos. 141, 

 194, and 195 ; G. Breschet, ' Recherches sur Porgane de l'ouie 

 dans Phomme et les animaux vertebres/ 2d ed. Paris, 1840; 

 E. Krieger, < De otolithis/ Berol. 1840; Wharton Jones, 'The 

 Organ of Hearing/ in Todd's ' Cyclopaedia/ Vol. II. p. 529 ; 

 J. Hyrtl, * Ueber das innere Gehororgan des Menschen und 

 der Saugethiere/ Prag., 1845; A. Corti, ' Recherches sur 

 Porgane de Pouie des mammiferes/ in Zeitsch., f. wiss. Zool. 

 Ill, p. 109 ; Reissner, ' De auris internae formatione/ Dorpat, 

 1851 ; E. Harless, Art. l Horen/ in Wagner's ' Handw. der 

 Physiol/ IV, p. 311, and « Miinchn. Gel. Anzeiger' 1851, No. 31 

 and 37 ; Stannius, ' Ueber die gangliose Natur des Nervus acus- 

 ticus,' in Gott. Nachr., 1850, No. 16; lb., 1851, No. 17. Be- 

 sides which should be consulted the general works of Krause, 

 Huschke, Arnold, Todd and Bowman, Remak (Entwicklungs- 

 geschichte), and the ' Icones org. sensuum,' of Arnold. 



III.—OF THE OLFACTORY ORGAN. 



§ 236. 



The olfactory organ consists of the two nasal cavities, or 

 fossae, supported by bones and cartilages, and lined by a mu- 

 cous membrane, and of a certain number of accessory cavities, 

 viz. } the frontal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses and the antrum 

 Highmori. Of all these cavities, however, only the uppermost 

 portions of the nasal fossae, where the olfactory nerve is dis- 

 tributed, are subservient to the sense of smell itself, the others 

 being either simple conducting canals, and participating as 

 well in the action of respiration, or at any rate having no direct 

 relation to the olfactory sense. 



The hard structures, just named, present nothing much 



