TESTIMONY OF CHARLES F. CHANDLER. 43 



experiments and results. A. 505 cows have been milked, each into 

 a separate pail, until all the milk had been removed from the cow. 

 In each case the milk was mixed that there should be no separation, 

 because the first milk that comes from a cow at a milking is heavier 

 than the last that comes from a cow at a milking. 



By Mr. LAWRENCE Did you see all this, Doctor ? A. No ; I stated 

 that this work was done under my direction ; I stated I caused these 

 investigations to be made. 



By Mr. PRENTICE Q. By whom ? A. By milk inspectors ; four 

 officers engaged were inspectors of milk of the Health Department, 

 all of whom had been instructed in my laboratory as to the proper 

 method of testing milk with the lactometer and thermometer and 

 other means of observation ; the fifth was Dr. "Waller, who is the 

 analytical chemist for the Health Department. These five men 

 made all their observations under my direction after being in- 

 structed by me exactly how to make them, and they reported the 

 results to me. 



Q. This paper which has been marked for identification on the 

 part of the defense, does it contain one of those reports ? (Paper 

 shown to the witness.) A. It does ; there were others of a similar 

 character. 



Q. Is that another ? (Another paper shown.) A. This is another. 



Q. You have begun with these 505 cows ? A. In each case. 



COUNSEL I want to have an objection and exception to this 

 gentleman testifying to anything that was not done within his per- 

 sonal knowledge in answer to the questions. 



The COURT Take your exception. 



Q. Now, sir, if you will go on. A. The strippings from the cow 

 represent only a portion of the milk from the cow's glands and that 

 portion is cream, or at all events richer in cream than the average, 

 consequently all the milk must be drawn into the pail and mixed to 

 make the average sample of milk that the cow produces. A sample 

 of that in the case of each cow was put into a bottle and corked, 

 and cooled to 60 Fahr., and its specific gravity was then taken by 

 the lactometer. In these 505 cases, 192 were made in the summer 

 of 1875, which was an average summer, and of those 192 cows, not a 

 single cow furnished milk that stood below 102 on the lactometer ; 

 the extremes were 102 and 120 on the lactometer in 192 cows. The 



