48 TESTIMONY OF CHARLES F. CHANDLEE. 



Q. Now, sir, you stated that the rule in testing milk was to reduce 

 it to a standard of 60 or below, instead of making any arithmetical 

 computation between the degrees on the thermometer and the lacto- 

 meter; will you state the reason for that ? A. Because there are no two 

 samples of milk in which there is exact regularity in the change of 

 the gravity with the change of temperature ; the numbers are varia- 

 ble, that is to say, that one degree of the thermometer does not 

 correspond to a fixed number of degrees of the lactometer or to any 

 fixed fraction of the degrees of the lactometer ; it varies at different 

 points on the scale, consequently it is impossible to correct the 

 observation of the lactometer by any calculation when the observa- 

 tion is not made at 60. 



Q. Could a determination be made on a single specimen of milk ? 

 A. Yes, sir ; in the case of a single specimen of milk the variation 

 could be determined, but it would only hold good for that particular 

 specimen 'of milk, because the proportions of fat, caseine, sugar, and 

 salts and water are variable ; they are not the same in any two sam- 

 ples of milk. 



Q. In order to bring out more distinctly one fact which I believe 

 you testified to, Doctor ; is the lactometer a test of any fluid is it 

 a test of milk or any fluid ? A. It is a test of specific gravity. 



Q. And that is all ? A. Nothing further. 



Cross-examined by Mr. LAWRENCE : 



Q. Doctor Chandler, how many lactometers have you there ? A. 

 Four. 



Q. Have you tested them all in the same fluid up there ? A. Not 

 here. 



Q. Will you test them all in one fluid and see if they 

 show the same result I mean in one of those jars of milk, or what- 

 ever it is ? A. I am willing to do so ; that one stands at 114, that is 

 in the skimmed milk ; this stands at 117, 1 give it the widest variation 

 under the reading ; Prof. Silliman gives it 116 ; I prefer to give it 

 the extreme. 



Q. Now, if you will, give the other? A. I should call that 117; 

 Prof. Silliman makes it 116J ; we do not consider that the reading 

 should be very sharp, for we never arrest a man unless the milk is 

 below 90. 



