TESTIMONY OF CHARLES F. CHANDLER. 49 



Q. I ask how the last lactometer stands ? A. 114J ; Prof. Silli- 

 man reads it 114. 



Q. Now, Dr. Chandler, I ask you to take this lactometer and 

 test it in one of the fluids ? 



Mr. PRENTICE I desire to ask that the temperature of the dif- 

 ferent liquids in which the lactometers have been placed is taken 

 because it must have communicated some difference to the lacto- 

 meter itself. The lactometer taken from one fluid there would be 

 a different temperature from that of the other fluid in which another 

 one has been inserted unless it be regarded as unimportant. 



WITNESS 115 ; this liquid is at 60. 



MR. LAWRENCE Q. Can you verify the lactometer you hold in 

 your hand, and state whether it is correct according to your 

 standard ? A. Not well here, for the reason that we verify with 

 solutions of salt and water, and we introduce them into salt and 

 water of known specific gravity, and ascertain if those gravities 

 correspond. 



Q. As far as you can now tell, sir, is there any important vari- 

 ance between the one you use and the one you hold in your hand ? 

 A. Not at those points on the lactometer ; those are the least im- 

 portant points, however, for the reason that they are above 100. 



Q. Well, sir, try it in the cream and see if it makes substantially 

 the same reading as in your instrument, if the temperature be the 

 same ? A. It touches bottom ; it is too long for this cylinder. 



(Another cylinder was furnished the witness.) 



A. 67 ; it stands at 48. 



Q. And will you see if the thermometer is the same ? A. It 

 stands at 67. 



Q. Now will you replace your lactometer in that and state the 

 result ? A. It stands at 45 ; I am not sure that this is the same 

 lactometer ; there have been four lactometers here that have been 

 transposed. 



Q. Try another ? A. Between 44 and 46 ; I estimate it at about 

 45 ; Prof. Barker pronounces it 47. 



By Mr. PRENTICE Q. Take that one ? A. I should call that 45 ; 



I would explain in reading the lactometer that as the milk adheres 



a little on the side of the lactometer the surface is curved, not level, 



the curved portion is called the meniscus; there is a difference in 



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