54 TESTIMONY OF CHAELES A. GOESSMANN. 



daga for the manufactory of dairy salt, for eight or nine years ; in 

 1868 or 1869, I moved to Amherst, the winter of 1868, and have 

 since been teaching agricultural and general chemistry at the state 

 college of the State of Massachusetts, where I am engaged at 

 present ; I have been teaching agricultural chemistry in relation to 

 the dairy to the students for the last six or eight years ; private 

 investigation I must say I began two years ago ; previous to that 

 my teachings have been taken from the books to a large extent 

 and general collections from experience, but for the last two years I 

 have made a specialty now and then to illustrate to the students 

 practically the analysis of milk and the application of various 

 instruments for the testing of milk. 



Q. Now, sir, tell me what is this lactometer ? A. The lactometer 

 is a hydrometer for a specific purpose constructed in the same man- 

 ner as we apply the hydrometer for different other branches of in- 

 dustry, constructed with only arbitrary scales to suit purposes for 

 different branches of industry ; for salt works we have the salin- 

 ometer, for acids, the acidometer, and for alcohols, the alcoholometer. 



Q. The lactometer is for milk? A. Is for milk, to test the 

 specific gravity of milk. 



Q. Now, sir, is there any more accurate method for determining 

 the specific gravity of liquids than by the use of such an instru- 

 ment ? A. There are different ways by which it may be tested, but 

 I cannot give 



Q. This is as accurate as any other ? A. As accurate as 

 any other and in my opinion easier carried out than any 

 other. 



Q. "Well, sir, there are lactometers graduated at different rates 

 are there, the scales ? A. Yes, sir, there are a number which have 

 been introduced in the course of time. We have one somewhat 

 obsolete, Druffle's milk balance, having only 20 degrees. 



Q. You have stated that there are others and some that are 

 obsolete ? A. Yes, sir. 



Q. I will ask you of a lactometer at a standard of 1.029 your 

 opinion of that as a safe test for milk? A. That is Dinocourt's. 



Q. Well, sir, what do you think of that standard for milk ? 

 A. That is recognized best on the lowest standard of a commercial 

 article of milk. 



