58 TESTIMONY OF CHARLES A. GOESSMANN. 



nounce until I knew that the cow was well fed and in a healthy 

 condition. 



Q. If you assume that the cow is healthy and well fed, that the 

 milk is pure, if you first satisfy yourself of all this and then from a 

 variety of cows, not a single one, find milk the specific gravity of 

 which at 60 Fahr. falls below 1.029, will you yet say that the lacto- 

 meter is graduated at too high a scale when it is placed at 1.029? 



(Objected to ; objection sustained ; exception.) 



Q. Now, Professor Goessmann, you stated it as your opinion, did 

 you not, that 1.029 is the lowest specific gravity at which pure milk 

 can be found ? A. That is the statement. 



Q. Do you state it as your opinion ? A. I never found it so 

 low. 



Q. Now, in case you found milk lower, your opinion as to the 

 standard would change, would it not ? A. I would inquire, 

 doubtless, before I would decide. 



Q. In case, after inquiry into all the details of the case, you had 

 satisfied yourself that the milk was everything it ought to be, would 

 not your opinion then change ? 



(Objected to ; objection overruled ; exception.) 



Q. Now, sir, you say that the lactometer is always used in con- 

 nection with the thermometer, do you not ? A. I can conceive 

 a case where I would add another test. 



Q. I ask you, is it always necessary to use the thermometer with 

 the lactometer ? A. Oh yes, certainly. 



Q. You differ from Prof. Chandler in his testimony, yesterday, 

 when he said it was not necessary ? A. It may be that so much 

 experience makes it not necessary to use in every case the ther- 

 mometer. 



Q. Now, sir, is analysis the most correct and accurate method 

 of testing milk ? A. I think that analysis in the present state of 

 science does not definitely settle the question for two reasons ; as 

 long as there is not a minimum of solid matter recognized by scien- 

 tific men as a standard, and as long as added water in the milk can- 

 not be distinguished by analysis, I think that analysis cannot 

 advance the question at the present time, at the present state of 

 the inquiry, I mean. 



Q. You differ from the authorities which hold that analysis is 



