TESTIMONY OF CHAKLES A. GOESSMANN. 59 



a perfect test for milk ? A. Certainly, conditionally of course, as I 

 modified iny answer. 



Q. I do not ask you now what is a perfect test for milk, but I 

 ask you to state to the jury what is the best test for milk that is 

 now within the reach of scientific men? A. As far as the composi- 

 tion of milk is concerned the relative different constituents in 

 the milk, of course the chemical analysis might give special infor- 

 mation ; as far as water is concerned, I think the lactometer gives- 

 as safe a one as any other. 



Q. Well, will the lactometer show how much of any one ingredi- 

 ent it contains? A. No ; it is an instrument not to test the con- 

 stitution of milk, but a certain property of milk, the specific gravity. 



Q. Now, sir, will an analysis show how much of each ingredient 

 the milk contains ? A. In regard to water, if I had not taken the 

 milk myself I would of course repeat my experiment ; it would be 

 only an individual case. 



Q. Will analysis show how much water, how much butter, how 

 much caseine, and how much salt the milk contains ? A. It will 

 give the exact proportion of the constituents contained in that sam- 

 ple, that is, according to the best modes we have of separating them 

 from each other. 



Q. Now, suppose two samples of milk to exist to one of which 

 cream has been added, to the other of which water has been added, 

 will the lactometer show which contains the added water and 

 which the added cream ? A. The lactometer will not alone show 

 the exact proportion ; it will make it lighter ; it depends on the 

 proportion of the substance added. 



Q. Well, now, adding water to milk makes it lighter by the lacto- 

 meter and adding cream makes it lighter also, does it not ? A. Yes, 

 sir. 



Q. In case two samples of milk exist which when tested by the 

 lactometer give each the same result, each stands at the same de- 

 gree and to one of those samples water has been added and to the 

 other cream has been added, will the lactometer show to which the 

 water has been added and to which the cream has been added ? 

 A. If I did not look at the sample both have the same effect ; the 

 question would then be to call my other senses and my experience 

 into account and judge from that. 



