TESTIMONY OF GEORGE C. CALDWELL. 93 



A. It is not. 



Q. What other methods are there ? A. I mean that something 

 more than analysis is necessary. 



Q. State what that is ? A. We must have the taste and the ob- 

 servation of the senses in addition to analysis, because those in- 

 gredients may possibly be mixed together in proper proportions to 

 constitute milk, and not be milk. 



Q. Is not the use of the senses included in analysis of milk ? A. 

 It is not ; not all the senses. 



Q. What are included ? A. The sense of sight, all the senses 

 that are involved in the handling of the apparatus ; the sense of 

 taste is not necessarily included in an analysis of milk. 



By Mr. PRENTICE Q. Then I understand that analysis is only 

 one mode, with the use of the senses, and in your direct examination 

 you stated that the lactometer with the use of the senses determined 

 the same result accurately of water in milk? A. It determines 

 the excessive water in milk. 



Q. Is the use of analysis any more accurate a method of deter- 

 mining the adulteration by water than the lactometer, with the use 

 of the senses in both cases ? 



(Objected to on the ground that it goes into matters which are 

 excluded, and also upon the ground that this witness has not shown 

 himself to be an expert in the use of the lactometer ; objection over- 

 ruled ; exception.) 



A. It is not any more accurate in the case of excessive watering. 



By Mr. LAWRENCE Q. Dr. Caldwell, how do you analyze milk? 



(Objected to ; objection sustained ; exception.) 



Q. Dr. Caldwell, can you determine without analysis whether a 

 fluid is milk ? 



(Objected to ; objection overruled.) 



A. It can be. 



Q. How ? A. By careful observation of the sources from whence 

 it is taken. 



Q. Is there any other way besides seeing the cow milked ? A. 

 I do not think there is. 



Q. Are you not sure about it, that to know a fluid to be milk a 

 man must either see a cow milked or analyze the fluid ? A. I won't 

 be positive ; I think he must. 



