TESTIMONY OF HENRY MORTON. 105 



Q. How much to bring it down to fifteen ? A. Fourteen to six- 

 teen. 



Q. Then it is an irregular scale, is it not ? A. Not as I under- 

 stand it. 



Q. What per cent, of water added influences the lactometer to 

 the extent of lowering it one degree ; do you estimate one per cent, 

 of water to a degree, or two per cent., or what ; is it irregular ? A. 

 I will answer to the best of my ability ; I think I know what you 

 want; the scale is a regular one, with a constant limit of error; 

 that is to say, each per cent, of water added adds a degree, with an 

 error of a degree or two in the possible adjustment of the instrument 

 and reading. 



Q. Then the regularity of that scale is principally notable, is it 

 not, for its irregularity? A. I think not; just such things are con- 

 stantly used in various scientific investigations. 



Q. Professor, will you state what is the lowest standard of spe- 

 cific gravity of pure milk recognized among scientific men ? A. In 

 reference to milk of individual cows ? 



Q. I do not ask you that ; I ask you as to cows in general ? A. 

 You did not mention cows at all. 



Q. Nor is it proved that this is cow's milk in this case. A. 

 There is no recognized limit, as to milk in general, other than the 

 average which I have already stated. 



Q. Do not the authors whom you have referred to in Europe 

 and in this country recommend the use of the lactometer at 1.029 

 as the lowest standard of specific gravity? A. Most of them, I 

 think ; my impression is that 1.030 has been recommended. 



Q. Will you name a few of the fluids besides milk which are- 

 ordinarily examined with the hydrometer or its modifications. A. 

 Nitric acid, sulphuric acid, in its various forms, hydrochloric acid, 

 alcohol. 



Q. Now, take alcohol ; in alcohol are not all the ingredients 

 either lighter or heavier than the alcohol itself ? A. I do not want 

 to be captious, but really if you will allow me to explain it and go 

 on 



Q. No, I will perhaps shorten it by asking another question ? 

 A. Alcohol is one thing, therefore it cannot have ingredients if I 

 understand what you mean. 



