TESTIMONY OF BENJAMIN SILLIMAN. 119 



Q. Now, sir, in case you saw two cows milked and the milk of 

 each stood at as low a degree of gravity as it is generally found at, 

 could you say, by applying the evidence of your senses to that milk, 

 and testing it properly with the lactometer, whether the low gravity 

 of either of the two milks was caused by the presence of cream or 

 the presence of water? A. I did not understand the degree of 

 density which you affixed to it. 



(Question repeated.) 



A. I do not see the point of that question; if you will be kind 

 enough to state a density for either or both the supposititious cases, 

 I, perhaps, can better understand it. 



Q. Suppose you saw two cows milked, and the milk from each cow 

 when properly tested with the lactometer, stood at the degree of 98, 

 might not that degree as to one milk be caused by the presence of 

 water, and might not the same low degree as to the other milk be 

 caused by the presence of cream, would you, by the aid of the lac- 

 tometer and thermometer and your senses be unable to state as to 

 which milk the low gravity was caused by cream, and as to which 

 by water? A. I do not think, within the limits set by the learned 

 CDunsel of this supposititious case, namely, two degrees of the lac- 

 tometer of the Board of Health, if I understand it, that I could 

 draw any certain inference whatever ; allow me to say that each of 

 those degrees upon the Board of Health lactometer is the equiva- 

 lent upon a scale of thousands of only a small fraction ; the whole 

 scale of 1.029 is divided into 100, and consequently 3.47 degrees of 

 the Board of Health lactometer is equivalent of one division on the 

 scale of thousands, and the reading of the lacto-densimeter is not 

 graduated to read a less quantity than 1.00; we are speaking of the 

 measurement of the density by the thermometer in conjunction with 

 other things ; I should be very happy to hear any further explana- 

 tion. 



Q. Now, sir, in case two samples known to you to be pure, seen 

 by you taken from the cow, each sample coming from a different 

 cow, and when tested at a low lactometrical degree, take any degree 

 you like within 90 and 100, say each milk standing at the same 

 degree, can you tell as to one sample whether that gravity is caused 

 by the presence of cream or of water, and can you tell the same as to 

 the other? A. When we con-iJbr the case of individual cows, we 



