126 TESTIMONY OF BENJAMIN SILLIMAN. 



Q. It is also necessary to use a table in connection with this 

 lactometer ? A. That is a matter of difference of opinion among 

 scientific men ; he appears to regard it so ; I do not. 



Q. What is a creamometer? A. An instrument for measuring 

 the amount of cream which is thrown up to the surface of the 

 milk. 



Q. Are you familiar with the book by Yon Baumhauer, to which 

 you refer ? A. Yes, sir, with that article in it. 



Q. Will you see whether this book, at page 811, does not call 

 your attention to that memoir ? (Watts' Dictionary shown to the wit- 

 ness). A. This citation by Watts in his second supplement, makes 

 reference to the Zeitsch Anal. Chem., I will refer to the book. 

 That is the chemical journal which is referred to. Methods of Milk 

 Analysis. Yon Baumhauer describes in an elaborate communica- 

 tion the methods previously in use for determining the commercial 

 value of milk. He came to the conclusion, long recognized in 

 Germany, that one will not by determining the specific gravity of 

 milk or by determining cream by the aid of the creamometer or 

 glactroscope, be in a position to establish the degree of its adultera- 

 tion, either by skimming or by the addition of water. It can only 

 serve to prove the addition of 10, 20, 30 or 40 per cent, of water 

 and the excessive skimming. I believe that is the correct render- 

 ing. 



Q. Will you proceed and read a little further, finishing the ex- 

 tract ? A. I think that is all that is pertinent to the point of in- 

 quiry. 



Q. Now, sir, please state Quevenne's method for determining the 

 adulteration of milk by water; what is it ? 



(Objected to ; objection sustained ; exception.) 



Q. Is there not a more accurate method of determining the 

 purity of milk by its specific gravity in regard to its adulteration by 

 water than that adopted the Board of Health ? A. Practically, 

 I think not. 



Q. Are you certain ? A. The hydrometer, as this particular 

 hydrometer is called, if accurately constructed gives us precise in- 

 formation, if properly used at the proper temperature, and the balance 

 does no more ; each of them weighs a certain quantity of milk ; the 

 one in a specific gravity bottle, on the pan of the balance, and the 



