TESTIMONY OF EOBEKT OGDEN DOEEMUS. 181 



pint of milk and add a gill or two gills of water is it not more likely 

 to decrease the specific gravity of the milk than if you had a gill or 

 two gills of cream which will lessen the weight of the milk more ? 

 A. Water will undoubtedly lessen the weight of the milk if the 

 water is not brackish ; cream will also do it, but no chemist can 

 assert with the use of the lactometer and his senses that a sample 

 of milk owes its low gravity to water or to cream, unless you take 

 a very extreme case or two extreme cases, it is impossible ; your 

 Honor, this is a point ; I propose to demonstrate the falsity of the 

 instrument which has been in use ; I presume that the experiments 

 that have already been made show that the cream was light, and, 

 that therefore milk rich in it as my analyses show, and as some of 

 the tables I will refer to show that a milk may be light owing to its 

 exceeding goodness and not to its badness, to its good and not to 

 its bad qualities, to its richness in cream and not its adulteration 

 with water. 



Q. By Mr. LAWRENCE Doctor, did you take notice of the con- 

 dition of the cows from which you obtained the samples of milk to 

 which you have referred, in September, 1875 ? A. I did, sir. 



Q. State what it was, please ? A. The cows appeared to be in 

 perfect health ; there were no ulcers upon their udders ; there was 

 no soreness of the feet or about the mouth ; I do not profess to be a 

 cow doctor, but I looked, of course, to see that I was examining fair 

 samples of cows. 



Q. Were any of those cows strippers and others milkers ? 

 A. They were all giving good yields of milk. 



Q. Did you take especial care to see that no water found its way 

 into that milk ? A. As a matter of course going merely for the 

 object of seeing cows milked and to cool the milk and to put the ther- 

 mometer and lactometer into the milk I used precautions as an 

 expert, and, of course, I did not put water in purposely or accident- 

 ally, or allow it to be put in purposely or accidentally. 



Q. Was this rich, good milk, Doctor, you obtained ? A. This, by 

 analysis, proved to be rich, good milk ; 6 per cent, of butter is con- 

 sidered such. 



Q. You visited a creamery, did you not, while there, I believe ? 

 A. I also visited several creameries. 



Q. Did you see the process of skimming milk ? A. I went early 



