192 TESTIMONY OF BOBEBT OGDEN DOBEMUS. 



adopted ; again, the gravity may be varied by the same cow giving 

 at various times milks of varying qualities. I think you will be in- 

 terested to learn how certain cows a year ago gave a low gravity 

 of milk and this year gave a high gravity of milk, and some that in 

 the latter part of September gave one gravity, in the month of 

 December gave another gravity, depending, therefore, upon the 

 variety of food ; so that we may have normal milk that shall not 

 only have low gravity from cream, but also from the water, and that 

 one of the low specimens exhibited here, perhaps, will be testified 

 on the other side as having a very low gravity not only, but rich in 

 water, that is abounding in water, but it is natural, and that variety 

 of milk comes to the city ; the time of calving, the season of the 

 year, as well as the variety of cattle produces a difference ; then we 

 may have the gravity of course raised artificially by a vast variety 

 of methods ; a little salt, or a little sugar, or a little starch or any 

 other substance may raise it ; I have indicated causes which may 

 produce a low indication of the lactometer ; I propose to indicate 

 some that will tell us a high grade by the lactometer ; the addition 

 of a variety of substances, such as salt, sugar or brackish water, and 

 a little sugar to correct the salinity of the taste, or the abstraction 

 of the cream, which is one of the simplest, most efficient and most 

 profitable methods, and the one most constantly performed. 



Q. Now suppose that a milkman, having bought milk, adds 

 starch or salt and sugar to it to escape detection by the lactometer, 

 can that be done without changing the appearance, taste or smell of 

 the milk? 



(Objected to ; objection sustained ; exception.) 



Q. In what way can watered milk be so manipulated as to de- 

 ceive the senses of the milk inspector ? 



(Objected to ; objection sustained ; exception.) 



Q. Now, sir, suppose an article is presented to you which looks, 

 tastes and smells like milk of the gravity, say of 1.029, which you test 

 by the lactometer and thermometer and which, when you remove 

 the lactometer clings to the glass as though it was milk ; can you 

 pronounce that to be milk? 



(Objected to as irrelevant ; objection sustained.) 



Q. Suppose, Professor Doremas, that a fluid was presented to 

 you in a milk-can in a store, labeled milk, which looked, tasted and 



