196 TESTIMONY OF ROBERT OGDEN DOREMUS. 



again, and weighed a second time, and weighed until it loses no 

 weight ; that, I presume, is understood, whether it takes fifteen or 

 twenty minutes, or an hour ; the method is simple ; the first I 

 showed your Honor, was the dried milk with the sand, the second one 

 was the dried milk without the sand; the second step, gentlemen, 

 is to dissolve it, which can be done with many substances ; ether is 

 one ; I will pour a little ether on both of these, and pour the ether 

 off, and you will remark 



Mr. PRENTICE We have got beyond the test. 



The COURT "We will assume that ether will take out the butter; 

 there can be no doubt about that. 



By the COURT Q. Do you know the quantity daily consumed in 

 the City of New York ; do you happen to know about the average 

 quantity of milk consumed here ? A. I do not know positively. 



Q. You do not know the average quantity brought here ? A. 

 No, sir ; I have heard it stated ; it is enormous, of course. 



By Mr LAWRENCE Q. If you see two or more cows milked, and 

 each yields milk of a low gravity, may not the low gravity in one 

 case be caused because the milk is unusually rich in cream, and may 

 it not in another case be caused by the fact that the pure milk con- 

 tains an unusual quantity of water ? A. It may. 



Q. Can you tell by the lactometer, the senses, the thermometer 

 and the tests used by the Board of Health, in which milk the low 

 gravity is produced by the presence of much cream and in which it 

 is produced by the presence of much water ? A. I cannot. 



Q. Are there any means of detecting the adulteration of milk by 

 water which can be used by persons not specially instructed, milk- 

 men for instance ? A. None to my knowledge. 



Q. In making milk analysis, what quantity of milk is usually 

 used ; do you use as much as a quart ever ? A. Not more than a 

 tablespoonful. 



Q. In your opinion is the lactometer when used in conjunction 

 with the senses and the other methods of the Board of Health, a test 

 that can be safely used by milkmen to show the purity or the im- 

 purity of milk or the adulteration by water ? A. It cannot be 

 safely used by them ; it is a most erroneous guide. 



Q. What is the surest method of determining whether milk is 

 pure or impure ? A. Chemical analysis. 



