198 TESTIMONY OF RORERT OGDEN DOREMUS. 



largest scale ; he alludes to Professor Champolion, who has given 

 a critical resume of this subject ; he positively, not in mincing but 

 in the most positive terms, denounces the use of this instrument. 



Q. Head the extract from Hoppe-seyler ? A. This is a hand- 

 book of physiological and pathological chemical analysis, third 

 edition, Berlin, 1870, page 363 ; this is a translation : " Determina- 

 tion of the specific gravity of milk The specific gravity of milk has 

 often been considered as proof of the quality of milk, and is used 

 in many places by the police authorities as a means to test the 

 milk ; the method commonly in use of testing with the areometer is 

 objectionable ; the careful determination of specific gravity by the 

 picnometer can give no certain evidence whether it (milk) is good 

 or bad ; it is true that if milk appears blue, transparent and shows 

 with the areometer a low specific gravity, then the milk is thin and 

 bad, but a blue transparent milk with a high specific gravity is per- 

 haps not better ; the blue transparent appearance is therefore 

 more important for the test than the specific gravity ; richness in 

 butter lowers, and richness in caseine and sugar raises the specific 

 gravity of the milk, because the determination with all instruments 

 which have to be immersed is not to be made use of ; the picno- 

 meter, that is the little thousand-grain bottle has to be used for 

 this purpose ; before filling it, as a matter of course, the milk to be 

 tested must be well shaken and airy bubbles are to be carefully 

 avoided ; it might be believed that the areometer would show the 

 specific gravity of the milk serum, but it is not the case ; the 

 areometer shows often a lower specific gravity than the picno- 

 meter." 



By the COURT Q. Is there anything there condemning the use 

 of the lactometer for the purpose of ascertaining the specific grav- 

 ity of milk is there anything to show that the lactometer will not 

 ascertain the specific gravity of milk ? 



Mr. LAWRENCE "We will admit that a good lactometer will tell 

 the specific gravity. 



A. I stated at the outset I admit that, but that that knowledge 

 was of no use to us. 



Q. " Milk Analysis, by J. K. Alfred Wanklyn, M. E. C. S."; is that 

 a standard authority upon the subject on which it treats ? A. It 

 is. 



