212 TESTIMONY OF HENRY W. VAUGHAN. 



given from the lactometer and the senses in regard to whether it 

 was adulterated milk or not. 



Q. Is there any method of ascertaining with accuracy whether 

 or not milk is adulterated with water, that you know of ? A. The 

 answer is, practically, yes, sir. 



Q. What is that method ? A. By chemical analysis. 



Q. Any other method that you know of? A. No accurate 

 method. 



By the COURT Q. If by that kind of hydrometer called the lacto- 

 meter, properly graduated and properly used, used with care for the 

 testing of milk, if you inserted it into a liquid looking like milk and 

 tasting like milk, and the hydrometer should mark 75 specific 

 gravity, indicated on the graduated scale of the lactometer 25 degrees 

 below 100, could you not by examining it with the eye and taste and 

 touch and by the senses generally, could not you determine whether 

 the milk was watered or not, could you pass any opinion upon it ? 

 A. May I ask one of the scientific gentlemen present, would the de- 

 gree of 75 correspond to the true specific gravity ; there are different 

 lactometers in different cities ? 



Q. It appears by all the evidence, bearing on the point in the 

 case, that the lactometer which was used in the case we are investi- 

 gating here on this trial was absolutely correct there is no contra- 

 dictory evidence on that point at 100 on a graduated scale ; by 

 absolutely correct is meant as showing the specific gravity at 1.029; 

 I believe 75 was another point. A. Now, I will answer your 

 question. 



Q. My question is assuming that the lactometer showed a 

 specific gravity of 1.021 ? A. The general inference would be, that 

 such milk was adulterated by water or some lighter substance than 

 the milk, if it were normal to start with. 



By Mr. PRENTICE Q. What other substances, Doctor, than water 

 could it be adulterated with, milk ? A. It could be adulterated 

 with alcohol ; practically water would be an adulterant ; it is 

 naturally the cheapest fluid to add to it. 



Q. Well, how much cream would it take to reduce to that point? 

 A. To reduce it to 1.021 ? 



Q. Yes, sir ; 8 degrees. A. I cannot give you the figures ; it 



