added, making the daily supply of the so-called commercial 

 milk of this city as it is sold here. I ask yon to remember the 

 fact at the outset, that we have had the evidence of Mr. Dough- 

 ty, a milk dealer, about the standard of commercial milk in this 

 city, and it is corroborated by the evidence on the other side, or 

 is at least without any conflict of evidence, and is confirmed 

 by the evidence of our inspectors. Mr. Doughty tells you that 

 the standard of commercial milk in this city is above the stand- 

 ard of the Board of Health, that it does not come down to 100 

 on the lactometer. Therefore we may safely assume that 

 the milk offered for sale in the city of New York the com- 

 mercial milk is above the standard of the Board of Health, 

 above 100. That evidence is uncontradicted, and you cannot go 

 any further than the evidence. Now the importance of this 

 adulteration, or of an adulteration which shall be carried, as in 

 this case, fifteen degrees below, it is hardly necessary to dwell 

 upon. I read from Beck's work on Adulterations, he says : u It 

 is not without reason, therefore, that the great mortality among 

 children in Paris is ascribed chiefly to the bad quality of the 

 milk with which such a large number are constantly fed." I 

 read from Dr. Voelcker, who is regarded as undisputed authori- 

 ty in this case: " Milk may be regarded as a kind of model food. 

 It supplies all the various elements of nutrition which are 

 required to build up the bony frame and muscular tissue of 

 the young, and, at the same time, supplies materials for support- 

 ing respiration arid 'keeping up the animal heat of the body. 

 Undiluted with water, milk is both a readily digestible and val- 

 uable, if not indispensable, article of food for children. Breed- 

 ers of high priced short-horns know full well how essential it is 

 to the early development of a sound and strong frame, round 

 which the flesh and fat may be afterwards deposited in sym- 

 metrical forms, not to stint the calf in milk ; and it is to be 

 feared that the children of the artisan and the poor in towns, 

 arid of the agricultural laborer in the country, are not nearly so 

 well supplied with milk both as regards quantity and quality 

 as the progeny of the well-cared-for herd of short horns, or 

 Ayrshire or Devon cows. If it be remembered that the bodily 



