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agination. Such a method is insufficient. Make it cumbrous, 

 throw difficulties in the way, and you cannot detect one milk- 

 man's fraud a day. Perhaps the Milkmen's Association would 

 be willing to offer up the vicarious sacrifice of a " distinguished 

 member " like the prisoner, and the other members would then 

 pursue their trade undetected and unharmed. Therefore, I say 

 the first object of the defence was to get rid of any practical 

 mode of detection. There is in fact but one method of adulter- 

 ation of milk of which we are really afraid. It is the " iron-tailed 

 cow" that does the damage ; it is by water. This is the cheapest 

 and most ordinary way. You are not to consider if there are 

 other adulterations ; you have not to say that the Board of 

 Health would necessarily fail in the detection and punishment 

 of other offenses. We have here the most common and the 

 readiest adulteration that by water. You know that the 

 milkmen themselves are interested in this test, and that they are 

 making it constantly. Doughty has told you, that even on the 

 farms, they are testing the milk, and every man who purchases 

 milk knows whether he is buying a good article or not. Officers 

 Jepson and Gardner were police officers of the Sanitary Squad, 

 and made 10,000 tests each. Drs. O'Connor and White have 

 testified, and you have seen a witness on the stand for the de- 

 fence who claims that he is no scientific man, and has no scien- 

 tific experience, but who says that these observations are easily 

 and readily made. It is not necessary to talk to you at length 

 of the detection of so plain and palpable a fraud as there is in 

 this case. Gentlemen, you know that every one of you can take 

 that lactometer and test milk yourselves. Take milk which 

 they say is " adulterated with cream," and milk which is 

 diluted with water, and your own good sense and observation 

 will determine that it is possible to distinguish between them. 

 The first thing, then, that the defense strikes at is the instru- 

 ment used in this practical test. We were told that the lactom- 

 eter should be brushed away, " that knowledge and science," 

 excuse me for quoting the words, " damn the lactometer," We 

 have a learned professor, on the part of the defence, who meets 

 this instrument as some noble leader of a bovine herd who, 



