16 



This answers in one word this question of milk, this commer- 

 cial milk, and these pseudo criticisms against our lactometer. 

 The real issue in this case is, Shall the standard be that of the 

 milk of a healthy cow '{ Shall it be a standard of the milk of 

 the cow as she has been found all over the civilized world ? 

 Shall it be the standard of the food supply of milk by which 

 nourishment shall be secured to the infant and the sick in the 

 great cities of the civilized world, or shall it be the standard of 

 this model Mulford or Doremus family of cows? Shall it be 

 the standard of the Doreinus cows ? I say give us a standard 

 such as is accepted elsewhere, and let the citizens of New York 

 have the protection which is accorded to those who live under 

 every well-regulated government in all the world. But it has 

 been said you have no right to use the lactometer. I say on the 

 contrary that the real issue is the standard for sound milk. On 

 this point I will read one or two extracts from well-known 

 books, and then I will pass by this subject. In a work on food, 

 by Edward Smith, published in 1873, after reviewing all the 

 questions with all the experience gained in England, speaking 

 of the addition of water and the subtraction of part of the 

 cream, etc., etc., the author goes on to say of the tests, " the 

 lactometer effects this with readiness and efficiency." Wilson 

 says : " As it (milk) is frequently adulterated with water, the 

 specific gravity is a most important test of the quality, and 

 hence the value of the lactometer." It is said, in the work by 

 Atcherly that "the addition of water is best detected by its (the 

 milk's) specific gravity." " This in a sample of milk was lowered 

 when mixed with its own volume of water, from 1.031 to 1.015." 

 Here I have the correspondence of the Holland Association, the 

 most recent publication of all, published in Cologne, in 1876, 

 in which the adulteration of milk is treated of under the 

 title or head of " Public Health," and this approves the use of 

 the lactometer in determining the specific gravity. So I might 

 go through a number of these works I have here before me. In 

 the Annals of agricultural chemistry which have been used in 

 evidence, Fleischman has said that " the areometer, under all 

 circumstances, is of the highest excellence (ganz vortremich) in 



