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proving the watering of milk." The areometer is the lactometer. 

 Gentlemen, I shall not enter upon the discussion of the 

 mechanical operation or construction of this little instru- 

 ment. You have had the testimony here of very distinguished 

 scientific men, that it was very well made ; and it seems to me 

 that one of the most notable failures on the part of the defence 

 was when two of their scientific experts were unable to tell how 

 it should be regulated, and showed upon the stand that they 

 were ignorant of the quotation from the article in Watts' dic- 

 tionary, in which it appears that in the construction of the 

 lactometer on so very nice a scale the degrees will appear equal. 

 You have heard the testimony of a man who does know how they 

 are constructed, and he has shown to you that the difference in 

 the size of the degrees is the -jrlmr or TO oro* P ar t of an inch. The 

 witnesses for the defence did not know these facts and figures 

 when they testified. They did not know how, in fact, the lacto- 

 meter was constructed. They did not know what was the test 

 that was prescribed by the very book which they had in their 

 hand. You remember the story of the young lady who enter- 

 tained company, and was found after a number of evenings to be 

 extremely well posted on a great many subjects ; but after a 

 while her conversation lagged, and when an explanation was 

 sought as to the cause of her dullness, she said the fact was that 

 she had been reading the encyclopaedia, but had only reached the 

 letter O. These gentlemen got up to the page they quoted about 

 the hydrometer, but they had only read up to a certain point, and 

 not the later pages which we showed to them. It was as con- 

 spicuous an example of scientific inaccuracy as was afforded 

 when the learned professor informed you that there was no con- 

 stant quantity in milk, save the one element, which was sugar. 

 " Examine the serum," said he, " because sugar is always con- 

 stant." I said to him : " Professor, tell me if on your chart 

 there over your head the sugar is always constant." The reply 

 was : " It varies a little." " How much ? " " Well, it varies 

 3." Said I, what is the highest and what is the lowest point ? " 

 " It varies from 6 at one limit to 2 T 8 at the other " above 60 

 per cent., if I can read correctly. That is all he knows of the 

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