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standard for milk and of its accuracy in the experiment. Gen- 

 tlemen, is such testimony to be opposed to the opinions which 

 you have heard here, such authorities as have been read in your 

 hearing? But I do not ask you to trust to that proof, I do not 

 ask you to consult these books, nor to read one of them. I ask 

 you simply to trust your own observation and your own judg- 

 ment. You have seen with your own eyes whether or not this 

 instrument will detect the watering of milk. Now, remember 

 that, in opposition to the experiment on the Mulford herd of the 

 bob-tailed and black cow species, that we have made experiments 

 in searching for low gravity cows not with a particular object, 

 but to find out what the range was here about New York. Our 

 inspectors tested not only commercial milk, but they made 505 

 tests of cows at the dairy farms, and found that in all cases of 

 sound, healthy cows the milk was above the standard. There 

 were some apparent exceptions. Did we conceal them ? No ; 

 we told you the whole story ; we gave you all the reports. The 

 defence used one or two reports only in evidence on this point. 

 We have given you all the facts in our possession, and you can 

 judge as well as we. The exceptions we have explained, and 

 we say that the tests made here, the practical tests to determine 

 the standard of New York commercial milk, demonstrate with 

 mathematical certainty that 1.029 is a very low standard that it 

 is a very fair standard for the purity of milk. 



Suppose you agree with these learned gentlemen of the de- 

 fence, in any respect, you must still remember that the ques- 

 tion is not of one, two, three, five, nor of ten degrees in this 

 case, but it is of fifteen degrees of water. Think of it? 

 Twenty-five per cent, of water had to be added to the 

 sample you had before you the other day to bring it down 

 to 90, five degrees above this point of Schrumpf's. The 

 testimony we have had in this case has increased the number 

 of practical tests, for it see ns that out of forty-seven samples that 

 were investigated by the Messrs. Doremus there was a very small 

 proportion that fell below the standard. Accepting the real milk 

 cows of the Mulford andx)ther herds our tests come up to 540, so 

 that our standard is not lowered but if anything it is increased. 



