PERSONAL APPEARANCES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. 21 



Nor simply from bearing weight do ricketty bones give 

 way. The muscles that are attached to them act as 

 powerfully in producing their distortion, as may be seen 

 in the thigh bones (Fig. 3), in the collar bones, and in 

 those of the upper limbs, the powerful muscle which 

 passes from the shoulder blade to be attached to the 

 humerus on its outer surface often causing considerable 

 distortion of that bone. 



Such are some of the changes of form which muscles 

 give rise to ; those depending upon great muscular de- 

 velopment are too obvious to be detailed, the fact need 

 only be stated that the more work a muscle is called on 

 to perform the larger it grows, and as it. grows, it must 

 proportionately modify the form of the body. 



The Fatty Layer. Lastly, beneath the skin is the layer 

 of fatty tissue which is in very variable amount in different 

 sites, being for instance wanting in the scalp, which is in 

 contact with the skull, but abundant in the face of a well- 

 nourished individual, concealing the prominent cheek- 

 bones. Fat also occurs in the interior of the body around 

 organs, but this really does not concern us here. How- 

 ever, it may be mentioned that the eyeball rests on a 

 cushion of fat ; and the sunken eye of a wasted person is 

 due to diminution in this cushion. In addition to this, the 

 natural fulness of the skin is further due to the presence 



