12 PERSONAL APPEARANCES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. 



FIG. 2* 



for the upper part of the spinal cord, which is con- 

 tinuous with the brain, the brain-case is a closed box. 

 In front of the cranium is the face, the broad features 

 of which are laid down in the numerous bones entering 

 into its composition ; bones to complete the eye-sockets, 

 to form the foundation of the nose, to give the pro- 

 minence to the cheek, and to form the upper jaw and 

 palate ; whilst articulated to the temporal bone is the 

 lower jaw, which in the adult is squarish in front, and 

 is acted on by powerful muscles for its closure (Fig. 2). 



The spinal or vertebral column, 

 or backbone, consists of a number 

 of bones called " vertebrae," joined 

 together, and capable of a certain 

 amount of movement, which gives 

 flexibility to the whole column. In 

 the neck these are seven in number, 

 and here their movement 'is greatest. 

 In the dorsal m region there are 

 twelve, each of them bearing a rib 

 on each side ; then come five larger 

 lumbar vertebrae, and four more fused together into one 

 bone, the sacrum, and, lastly, three rudimentary bones, 

 the relic of the tail. The cervical, dorsal, lumbar, and 

 sacral consist of an anterior solid part or body, and an 

 * Adult male human cranium. 



