8 PERSONAL APPEARANCES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. 



by the lowest of mankind, and not always to the advantage 

 of the latter. In outward conformation the tail-less anthro- 

 poid ape bears striking resemblance to his human fellow- 

 creature, and even in details of anatomical structure the 

 differences are so slight as hardly to amount to generic 

 distinction zootomically speaking. The precise points 

 at which the anatomy of man touches that of the lower 

 animals are very numerous. The grosser and more obvious 

 differences are those which relate to the hairy covering 

 of the body in apes as contrasted with man's comparative 

 bareness, the relative proportions of the limbs to the 

 trunk, the comparative size of the skull or brain-case, to 

 that of the face, and, lastly, the erect stature of man and 

 the consequent modifications in and development of the 

 lower limbs. The following table, from Professor Huxley,* 

 shows at a glance the difference between the length of 

 the bony skeleton of the extremities compared with that 

 of the spine. The spinal column is taken as i oo : 



Man- 

 Male Female Gorilla. Chimpanzee. Orang. 

 Bosjesman. Bosjesman. 



Arm 78 80 115 96 122 



Leg . no 117 96 90 88 



Hand 26 26 36 43 48 



Foot . . 32 35 41 39 52 



It will be seen that the upper limb in these three 

 anthropoid apes is relatively longer than the lower, whereas 



* * Man's Place in Nature.' London, 1860, p. 71. 



