PERSONAL APPEARANCES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. 91 



and not only the redness of mere congestion of vessels, 

 but that denoting inflammation ; and the tender, swollen, 

 reddened "chilblain" is thus related to the graver "frost- 

 bite," where the effect of cold is seen in its severest form. 



Jaundice is due to the pigment of the bile finding 

 entrance into the blood, either because too much bile is 

 manufactured by the liver than can be got rid of, or else, 

 and more frequently, because the escape of the bile into the 

 intestines is hindered. This colouring matter then stains 

 all the tissues yellow, and the skin and the white part of 

 the eye show the colour most plainly. If the cause cannot 

 be removed, then the colour changes gradually from a 

 deep orange-yellow to a more or less greenish or olive- 

 green tint. But in such cases the cause is probably 

 beyond removal. Young infants frequently, in the first 

 few days after birth, before their respiratory and cutaneous 

 functions are fully established, pass through a slight attack 

 of jaundice. This seldom has any grave significance. 



Passing to other forms of change of colour, we may 

 note the curious, muddy or tawny, complexion of people 

 who have suffered from ague or marsh fevers, a com- 

 plexion which goes with them through life, and is pro- 

 bably dependent on the change whidi the spleen an 

 organ intimately connected with blood formation 

 undergoes in such diseases. 



Lastly, certain substances when taken into the blood 



