1 8 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 



1. Ancient conceptions of disease and of spontaneous generation, dat- 

 ing back to 500 years B.C. 



2. Discovery of micro-organisms about 1660 by Leeuwenhoek, followed 

 by the work of Robert Hooke and a few others. 



3. Discovery of bacteria in air, dust, and decaying substances, and the 

 causal relationship of microbes to decay, and of the yeast organisms to 

 fermentation. 



4. Disproving the theory of spontaneous generation, by Schwann and 

 others, about 1840. 



5. Discovery of the bacterial origin of certain diseases 1862 to 1880. 



6. Introduction of small-pox vaccination into England by Jenner in 

 1796. 



7. Development of antiseptic surgery or Listerism 1875. 



8. Period of great activity in pathological bacteriology 1880 to 1890. 



9. Discovery of the causes of immunity to disease, antitoxin of diph- 

 theria and other antitoxins, serum therapy, etc. 1886 to 1894. 



10. Introduction of the use of certain bacteria in commerce and agri- 

 culture. 



11. Discovery of opsonins and the use of bacterial vaccines. Reintro- 

 duction of Koch's lymph in the treatment of tuberculosis. 



Nothing epochmaking has been discovered in the micro-biological 

 sciences within the last decade. Nothing new has developed during the 

 world war. The cause of cancer remains unknown. The so-called ultra- 

 microscopic organisms remain unidentified. The one bright ray in sani- 

 tary science is the typhoid fever control by means of the immunizing 

 bacterins. The primary cause of influenza may soon be discovered. 

 Useful Works of Reference to Bacteriology and Related Topics 



The following references are selected for collateral reading. A few 

 of these works are rare, and can be found only in some of the leading 

 libraries. A reading of these and other related works will serve as a 

 supplement to this text-book. It is not intended to imply that all of 

 the works cited should be procured. Others besides those mentioned 

 may be consulted as opportunity presents itself. Some of them can be 

 obtained from public libraries; others may be ordered through the local 

 book dealer, and a few may be borrowed from professional friends. 



HENRY BAKER. The Microscope Made Easy. London. 1743. 



Like the work of R. Hoke, this is of great historical interest, and is quite rare. 

 Much of it is a copy of the work of Leeuwenhoek. 



B. M. BOLTON (H. U. Williams). A Manual of Bacteriology. P. Blakiston's Son 

 & Co., Philadelphia. 1910. 



A most excellent work for medical students, also of value to students of pharmacy. 

 H. W. CONN. Agricultural Bacteriology. 



This is a most excellent little work treating of bacteria in water, in the soil, in 



