38 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 



i. The Classification by Migula 

 BACTERIA OR MICROBES 



(Schizomycetes or Fission Fungi) 



i. Family COCCACE^E. Micrococci. Cells globular or not elongated. 

 Division in two or three directions of space. Spore formation rare. 



1. Micrococcus. Cells spherical or biscuit-shaped. Division in one 

 direction of space. With or without flagellae. A large genus, represented 

 by numerous species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic, chromogqnic, zymo- 

 genic, etc. 



2. Streptococcus. Generic limitation not clearly defined. Often 

 merely chain forms of above, resulting from cohesion of cells dividing in 

 one direction of space. 



3. Sarcina. Division in three directions of space. Cells often in fours 

 (Tetracoccus) as for example, the sarcina of the stomach. With or with- 

 out flagellae. 



II. Family BACTERIACE.E. Bacilli. Cells more or less elongated, 

 cylindrical, straight; some are somewhat curved or irregular in outline. 

 With or without flagellae. Endospore formation. Transverse septation. 



1. Bacillus. Variable in size and length of cell. Numerous flagellae. 

 Endospore formation common. A very large group, to which belong many 

 of the most important microbes. Includes the old genus Bacterium. 



2. Pseudomonas. Said to have only polar flagellae. Doubtful genus, 

 by many relegated to the group bacillus. 



III. Family SPIRILLACE^E. Spirillae. Cells elongated and spirally 

 twisted. Transverse septation. Body fixed, with polar flagellae. 



1. Spirillum. Numerous polar flagellae. Large group. 



2. Microspira. Few polar flagellae. A group Spirosoma is said to be 

 without flagellse. 



IV. Family SPIROCHETACE^;. Spirocheta. Long, single-celled, flex- 

 ible, spirally twisted threads without flagellae. One genus Spirocheta. 

 (Some authorities place these organisms in the animal kingdom with the 

 Protozoa.) 



V. Family MYCOBACTERIACE^E. Filamentous organisms, perhaps 

 forming a connecting link between bacteria proper and the lower filamen- 

 tous fungi. Cells filamentous but not enclosed in a sheath. To this 

 family belong the groups Mycobacterium and Actinomyces (ray fungus). 

 No flagellae have been observed. Mostly transverse septation. Gonidial 

 (spore) formation has been observed. 



VI. Family CHLAMYDOBACTERIACE^E. Resembling above family, but 

 the cell filaments are enclosed in a sheath. The following not very clearly 



