44 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 



less spirally curved. Cell division always transverse, never longitudinal. 

 Cells non-flexuous. Usually without endospores. As a rule motile by 

 means of polar flagella, sometimes non-motile. Typically water forms, 

 though some species are intestinal parasites. 



1 . Vibrio Miller, 1773 emended E . F. Smith , 1 905 . Synonyms : Pacinia 

 Trevisan 1885; Microspira Schroeter 1886; Pseudospira DeToni and Trevi- 

 san 1889; Liquidovibrio Jensen igog;- Solidovibrio Jensen 1909; Photo- 

 bacterium? Beijerinck 1889. 



Cells short bent rods, rigid, single or united into spirals. Motile 

 by means of a single (rarely two or three) polar flagellum, which is usually 

 relatively short. Many species liquefy gelatin and are active ammonifiers. 

 Aerobic and facultative. No endospores. Usually Gram-negative. 

 Water forms, a few parasites. 



The type species is Vibrio cholera (Koch) Buchner. 



2. Spirillum. Ehrenberg, 1930 emended Migula, 1894. Synonyms: 

 Spirobacillus? Metschnikoff 1889; Spirosoma Migula 1894; Sporospiril- 

 lum? Jensen 1909. 



Cells rigid rods of various thicknesses, length, and pitch of the spiral, 

 forming either long screws or portions of a turn. Cells motile by means of 

 a tuft of polar flagella (5 to 20) which are mostly half circular, rarely wavy- 

 bent. These flagella occur on one or both poles; their number varies 

 greatly and is difficult to determine, since in stained preparations several 

 are often united into a common strand. Endospore formation has been 

 reported in some species. Habitat; water or putrid infusions. 



V. Family COCCACE.E Zopf, 1884 emended Migula, 1894. Synonyms; 

 SphaerobacteriaCohmS^; Coccogence Trevisan 1885; Coccacei Schroeter 

 1886; Coccobacteria Schroeter 1886. 



Cells in their free conditions, spherical; during division somewhat 

 elliptical. Division in one, two or three planes. If the cells remain in 

 contact after division they are frequently flattened in the plane of divi- 

 sicn. Motility rare. Endospores absent. Metabolism complex, usually 

 involving the utilization of amino-acids or carbohydrates. 



Tribe i. STREPTOCOCCE^E Trevisan. Parasites (thriving only or 

 best on or in the animal body). Grow well under anaerobic conditions. 

 Many forms grow with difficulty on media, none very abundantly. Planes 

 of fission usually parallel, producing pairs or short or long chains, never 

 packets. Generally stain by Gram. Produce acid but no gas in glucose 

 and lactose broth. Pigment, if any, white or orange. 



i. Neisseria. Trevisan, 1885. Synonyms: Diplococcus Weichsel- 

 baum 1886 in part; Gonococcus? Neisser ? 1879; Merismopedia Zopf 

 1885, not Merismopedia Meyen 1839. 



Strict parasites, failing to grow or growing very poorly on artificial 



