GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY 51 



Albococcus?); chains short and irregular, if present. Gelatine 



often liquefied. 



Agar growth abundant, white to orange 



Pigment orange (rarely lacking) gelatine often liquefied 



actively 3. Staphylococcus 



Whitish to porcelain white; liquefaction less 



vigorous 4. Albococcus 



VI. Bacteriaceae 



Plant pathogens '. 2. Erwinia 



Not as above ; saprophytes or in animal habitats (intestines, tissues, 



etc.). 

 Usually motile and exhibiting active fermentative powers; typically 



parasitic in intestines of man and higher animals; growing well 



on ordinary media i. Bacterium 



Not wholly as above 



Growing only in presence of hemoglobin, ascitic fluid or 



serum 4. Hemophilus 



Growth on media scanty, but less sensitive than the above; short rods 



with tendency to bipolar stain . 3. Pasteurella 



VII. Lactobacillacese 



Generic characters mainly those of family . . . i. Lactobacillus 



VIII. Bacillaceae 



Aerobic, usually saprophytic, cells not greatly enlarged (if at all) 

 at sporulation i. Bacillus 



Anaerobic, often sprophytic, cells frequently enlarged at 



sporulation 2. Clostridium 



3. General Morphology of Microbes 



As already stated, the morphology of microbes is simple. They con- 

 sist of a single cell composed of cell-wall and cell-contents. The cell-wall 

 consists of cellulose, and is very thin; stains readily with the various 

 bacterial stains. The chief cell-contents is the cytoplasmic or protoplas- 

 mic living base commonly designated as the nucleoplasm, which is of a 

 granular nature, and by some is supposed to be a nucleus in a divided state. 

 A nucleus proper does not exist, or, rather, has not been demonstrated. 

 The cytoplasm, as a rule, stains quite readily. Distributed through the 

 cytoplasm may be found various substances, elaborated by cytoplasmic 

 activity. Polar granules (metachromes or Babes-Ernest granules) have 

 been observed. Sulphur, fat, pigment, chlorophyll, etc., may be found. 



