3 I2 



PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 



various stages of gametic fusion and of ascospore formation and the forma- 

 tion of Arthrospores. The vegetative cells increased numerically by 

 budding as typified by the saccharomycetes generally. The normal 

 vegetative cells may be described as elliptical to distinctively egg shaped, 

 without vacuoles and without recognizable nuclei. The plasmic^substance 

 lines the inner wall of the cell and is more abundant at^one end of the 

 cells, usually the^distal end in case of cell aggregates. The (vegetative 



FIG. 82. Various stages in gametic fusion and spore formation of nematospora. A, 

 two somatic or vegetative cells unite end to end with solution of the contact cell walls; 

 B, the plasmic contents of the two cells fuse; C, the fused plasm becomes grouped into 

 tour masses; D, plasmic differentiation has proceeded to the formation of the eight spore 

 forming plasmic masses which soon draw away from the wall of the spore sac and occupy 

 a middle position in the spore sac (ascus); E, fully formed spores; F, the ascus wall 

 soon dissolves setting free the eight spores in two groups of four spores each which 

 remain attached to each other by means of the whip-like appendages; G, gradually 

 the spores become separated and are distributed through the medium. 



cells may however undergo remarkable changes in form. They may 

 become greatly elongated, narrowed or widened. Occasionally a cell 

 may become bent or elbowed, narrowed at one end and enlarged at the 

 other (gourd form). Daughter cells are always developed apically, never 

 laterally as in many of the true Saccharomycetes. The exceptions are 

 the cell formations at the junctures of two cells. Daughter cell forma 

 tion is bipolar, that is starting with a single vegetative cell, new cells may 

 form from the two apices and this is in fact the rule. 



The plasmic contents of all cells inclusive of ascospores and of arthro- 



