<>i>() I'llll.OSOI'IIY OF ZOOLOGY. 



parably connected with the constitution of the mind, and 

 are necessarily formed in the course of its ordinary opera- 

 tions. We shall now offer a few observations on some of 

 the more remarkable of these ideas of reflection. 



1. Personality.- In the course of attending to the sen- 

 sations which external objects excite, we speedily discover 

 that the perceptions obtained by one sense, differ from those 

 procured by the assistance of another, and that the percep- 

 tions of any one sense differ with the objects which excite 

 them. As these different impressions frequently recur, 

 the mind perceives their resemblance or dissimilarity, and 

 begins to classify them by the aid of memory. In this 

 manner, the primary and secondary qualities of matter, 

 the peculiarities of individuals, the general character of 

 groups, the relation of one object to another, and the 

 notion of number, are apprehended. 



Uncultivated minds have not very correct notions of 

 these ideas of reflection : but, still they do arise even in 

 such ; and, in various ways, influence their future operations. 



The inferior animals likewise possess similar ideas of re- 

 flection. It is true, that they appear to be equally acted 

 upon by the impressions produced by the secondary, as 

 well as the primary qualities of matter ;- nor have we any 

 evidence that they act upon the distinction ; but they 

 know that there is a difference among the qualities. They 

 are, to a variable extent, acquainted with them, and regu- 

 late their conduct by this knowledge which they possess. 

 They readily perceive changes in the objects with which 

 they are familiar. They are acquainted with individuals, 

 or their identity, as the dog is acquainted with his mas- 

 ter ; with groups, as in the case of the shepherds 1 dog, 

 who is capable of marking the individual of a flock pointed 

 out to him by his master, and steadily pursuing it. Even 

 the notion of number is not unknown, as appears from the 



