270 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 



stinct does not extend to the young, but is limited in its 

 operations to the deposition of the egg in a suitable situa- 

 tion. The parent, in this case, never sees its offspring ; 

 the offspring is equally ignorant of the characters of a pa- 

 rent. 



2. Filial Affection. This instinct is obviously confined 

 to the young of those animals which are nurtured at the 

 commencement of life by a parent's care. Under its guid- 

 ance, young animals are restrained from wandering, and in- 

 duced to remain under the protection of their parents. 

 When forcibly or accidentally removed, they utter sounds 

 peculiarly expressive of their sorrow. In obedience to the 

 same instinct, young animals observe the signals which are 

 made to them by their parents. The chicken quickly obeys 

 the clucking of the hen, the lamb the bleating of the ewe. 

 While young animals are thus under the protection, and 

 obedient to the signals of their parents, they learn to imi- 

 tate their actions, and by degrees become acquainted with 

 the places which they are afterwards to frequent. 



This instinct continues to operate during the period of 

 parental affection. In the human species, both these active 

 powers continue for life ; while, among the lower animals, 

 the reciprocal feelings of parental and filial affection cease, 

 when the immediate objects for which they were exercised 

 have been accomplished. 



3. Social Affection. We have adopted the epithet So- 

 cial, in preference to Patriotic, the term by which this af- 

 fection is generally distinguished ; because, under this last, 

 are frequently included the desires of place and society. 

 This is more properly the love which certain animals bear 

 to the individuals of their own species, in preference to 

 those of any other. It is always accompanied with the de- 



