FACULTIES OF THE MIND. 313 



the same. It is impossible, therefore, in treating of the 

 origin of the motions of animals, to separate the volition of 

 intellect from instinct, because few actions can be excited 

 or continued by the latter, without being perceived by the 

 former. It was in consequence of this intimate connec- 

 tion, that we treated of the instinct of animals, along with 

 the functions of mind which depend on the nervous sys- 

 tem. We by no means, however, give it as our opinion, 

 at instinct and intelligence are the same, either in kind 

 in degree. The former we know to be common to every 

 ;anised being, the latter to be correlative with the ner- 

 vous system. Their intimate union in animals, therefore, 

 is no proof of their identity. Vitality, in its simplest state, 

 possesses irritability and instinct * ; in its most complicated, 

 irritability, instinct, sensation, perception, reflection, and 

 volition. 



The instinctive powers are essential to the existence and 

 comfort of the individual ; the intellectual powers increase 

 the resources of instinct, and in a savage state, are ex- 

 clusively subservient to its purpose. It is only when man 

 advances in civilization, that his intellectual powers assume 

 their preeminent station, control his instincts, and exhibit 

 the emblems of his greatness. 



Under the first class of functions, we considered those 

 organs which are subservient to the purposes of protection, 

 stability, and action. Under the second, we have investi- 

 gated the nervous system, the control which it exercises 

 over the body, and the intercourse which it permits us to 

 hold with the world around us. In the third class of func- 

 tions, to which we are now to advert, the organs are em- 

 ployed in obtaining nourishment for the system, prcpar- 



* In such beings, instinct cannot excite to action by volition, which is 

 coexistent with sensation, but must operate exclusively by means of irritabi- 

 lity. 



