QUADRUPEDS. 195 



system. The extremities, of the hoofed tribes are exclu- 

 sively employed to support and to move the body. They 

 have no clavicular bones. They are all herbivorous. 



PECORA. 



Ruminate. 



The genera of this tribe possess many common proper- 

 ties. Each foot consists of two toes, covered ^vith strong 

 hoofs, which are flattened on the opposing faces. The two 

 metacarpal and metatarsal bones are united, in those ge- 

 nera without incisors in the upper jaw, to form the canon 

 bone. The vestiges of lateral toes exist. 



The incisors are placed only in the lower jaw, except in 

 the camel, and are opposed to an indurated gum. There 

 is a space between the incisors and grinders in some species 

 containing canine teeth. The grinders are hollowed trans- 

 versely, with the enamel distributed in irregular circles. 

 The stomachs are four in number, and so disposed, that 

 the food from the gullet can enter two of them at pleasure. 

 This structure is necessary for the performance of the act 

 of ruminating, or chewing the cud. 



The first stomach (venter, rumen, or ingluvies), is called 

 the Paunch. It is of the largest capacity, and receives 

 the food directly from the gullet. It is imperfectly subdi- 

 vided internally into compartments, by muscular bands, 

 and its lining is beset with small blunt processes. The 

 food in this stomach undergoes little change, and appears 

 to be retained merely until the second stomach is fit for 

 its reception 



The second stomach (reticulum), honey-comb, bonnet, 

 or kings-hood, is less than the paunch, and peculiarly 

 distinguished by the great number of cells on its central 

 surface, like a honey-comb. In this second stomach, the 

 food, which passes into it by degrees from the paunch, is 



