PASSKRES. 



notch may not be detected. In the birds of this group, 

 however, the notch is indistinct. 



CONIROSTRES. Bill strong and conical. 



Mandibles gibbous towards the end. 



88. BUPHAGA. The bill tow r ards the base is cylindrical. 

 B. African a. 



Mandibles destitute of gibbosity. 

 Lower mandible carunculate at the base. 



89. GLAUCOPSIS. The bill is excurvate or arched. G. 

 cinerea. 



Mandibles without caruncles. 

 Hind-toe pointing forwards. 



90. COLICS. Both mandibles bent. Tail long. C. 

 capensis. 



Hind-toe pointing backwards. 

 Mandibles crossing each other laterally. 



91. LOXIA. Cross-bill. Both mandibles with hooked 

 points crossing each other at the plane of the gape. L. 

 curmrostra. 



92: CORYTHUS. Hawfinch. Upper mandible bent over 

 the under. Loxia enucleator. 



Mandibles acting in opposition. 



(1 .) Ridge of the upper mandible nearly straight. 



With a palatine tubercle. 



93. EMBERIZA. Bunting. This is a well marked genus. 

 The species, however, particularly with regard to the snow 

 bunting, have been unnecessarily multiplied, by attending 

 only to the colour of the plumage. 



Palate plain. 



Hind-toe produced and straight. 



94. ALAUDA. Lark. The bill is more slender in pro- 



Q2 



