254 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 



165. GALLINULA. Gallinule, or Water-Hen. Toes 

 bordered by a simple membrane. G. chloropus. 



166. FULICA. Coot. Toes bordered by scalloped mem- 

 branes. F. atra. 



b. Toes of moderate length. 



Toes bordered by a scalloped membrane. Frequent 

 marshes and lakes. Phalaropoda. 



167. PHALAROPUS, (Cuvier). Phalarope. Bill straight, 

 with a blunt depressed extremity. P. lobata. . The Grey 

 Phalarope of British ornithologists. 



168. LOBIPES, (Cuvier). Coot-foot. Bill slightly bent 

 and acuminated. L. hyperboreus. The Red Phalarope 

 of British ornithologists. 



Membrane of the toes, when present, plane. 



4 



Membrane between the front toes reaching nearly to the 

 extremity. 



169. RECURVIROSTRA. Avoset. Bill much recurved. R. 

 avosetta. The length of the neck and limbs, the slenderness 

 of the bill, and the wading habits of this species, unite it with 

 the Grallse, while the great development of the web between 

 the toes give it a claim to rank among the Palmipedes. 



Membrane between the toes abbreviated or wanting. 

 (a.) Bill longer than the head. 

 1. Bill bent downwards. 

 Head and neck feathered. 



170. NUMEXIUS. Curlew. Bill round, with the nasal 

 grooves abbreviated. JV. arcuata. 



171. PH.EOPUS. Whimbrel. Bill depressed at the end, 

 and the nasal grooves extend nearly the whole length. 

 P. vulgaris. 



Parts of the head or neck bare of feather?. 



172. IBIS. Bill strong, square at the base, with the na- 



